1093 



U.S. PARTICIPATION AT CERN 147 



United States (as elsewhere) to scientists from both sides of the Atlantic. 

 It will be desirable to keep U.S. -CERN relations as informal and, 

 therefore, as flexible as possible. This will be helped by better long-range 

 planning and a willingness to assume longer-range commitments by our 

 government. University groups will have to restructure their activities 

 to permit far-off operations without an interruption of their classical 

 mission, the "unity of teaching and research." Funding agencies and 

 parliaments on both sides of the Atlantic will have to show flexibility 

 and imagination; they will have to resist the temptation of trying to 

 write narrow balance sheets. 



x^roperly administered, the U.S. presence at CERN will increasingly 

 mean a vast widening of our technological and scientific horizon; 

 cultural and economic benefits will combine to ensure continued and in- 

 creasing success of this collaboration. 



On a more general level, a broadening of the horizons of U.S. and 

 European scientists may provide for. the most lasting advantages to be 

 realized. Just as CERN's impact in Europe has been largely due to its 

 proven history of a rrtost successful enterprise in international rela- 

 tions, U.S. relations with CERN may yet set a pattern for fruitful inter- 

 actions of American economic and scientific power with other 

 nations. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



Instructive conversations with the following colleagues are gratefully 

 acknowledged: Giuseppe Cocconi, Ernest Coleman, Rodney Cool, An- 

 dre Martin, Pief Panofsky, Herwig Schopper, Jack Steinberger, Leon 

 van Hove, Victor Weisskopf, and Alan Wetherell. 



NOTES 



1 . 1 GeV = 10"^ electron volts; the mass of the proton corresponds to approximately 1 GeV. 



2. For high energies, we can use momentum and energy as though they were quantitatively 

 the same. But the definition of momentum contains the direction of motion; energy does 

 not. 



3. To be precise, 910 million in 1081 Swiss francs, 1,017 in 1983 currency equivalent. Experi- 

 mental equipment is not included in these figures. 



4. This includes the power bill for the preaccelerators feeding particles into LEP. 



5. For historical accounts, see: L. Kowarski, An Account of the Origin and Beginning of 

 CERN (CERN 61-10, 1961), and D. Pestre, Elements sur la Prehistoire du CERN (CHS-2, 

 1983). 



