CONTENTS xi 



rASES 



repetition, sequence, and balance, 97 — Characteristics of objects in 

 landscape composition, 98 — Shape, 98 — Individuality through shape 

 in landscape composition, 99 — Value of shapes and their arrangement 

 in composition, 100 — Size, scale, and distance, 10 1 — Absolute and 

 relative scale, 101 — Indication of scale in landscape composition, 101 



— Effects of perspective, 102 — Texture, 103 — Scale relation of tex- 

 ture to size and shape, 103 — Color, 104 — Color and light, 105 — 

 Hue, intensity, and value in color composition, 106 — Emotional effect 

 of colors, 107 — Color harmony, 107 — Color in landscape composi- 

 tion, no — Light and shade, in — Light and shade unity in landscape 

 composition, 11 1 — Variability of light and shade, 112 — Atmosphere 

 and atmospheric perspective, 113 — As a consideration in landscape 

 composition, 115 — Illusions in composition, 116 — Of material, 118 



— Of shape, 119 — Of size, 120 — Of character, 121 — Associa- 

 tional illusions, 121 — Landscape compositions, 122 — Typical kinds 

 of pictorial compositions, 123 — The vista as a typical example, 124 



— Pictorial enframement, foregrounds, backgrounds, and planes of dis- 

 tance, 1 26 — Objects in landscape composition according to their 

 design value, 128 — Temporary elements, 129. 



CHAPTER VIII 

 Natural Forms of Ground, Rock, and Water as Elements in Design 130-150 



The value in design of a knowledge of natural forms, 130 — Hills 

 and mountains: typical forms, 131 — Hill and mountain forms in 

 landscape composition, 132- — Modification of effect of hill by treat- 

 ment of local details, 133 — Valleys: typical forms, 134 — Choice of 

 viewpoint for completeness of effect of valley, 135 — Plains: typical 

 forms and effects, 136 — Bodies of water : their effects, 136 — Lakes, 

 137 — Islands, 138 — Shores and beaches, 138 — Streams and stream 

 banks, 140 — Waterfalls, 142 — Rocks in naturalistic design, 143 — 

 Bowlders, 144 — Ledges, 145 — Color and texture of rocks, 146 — ^Rock 

 planting, 147 — Minor modeling of ground surface, 147 — Banks, 148. 



CHAPTER IX 

 Planting Design 1 51-188 



Plants as material in landscape design, 151 — The time element 

 in planting design, 152 — Relation of planting design and maintenance, 

 153 — Plant characteristics in landscape design, 153 — Plant forms, 153 



— Classes of tree forms and their uses in design, 154 — Form the ex- 

 pression of mode of growth, 155 — Winter tree form, 156 — Form in 

 topiary work, 156 — Plant texture, 157 — Plant color, 159 — Effect of 

 character of leaves on foliage color, i 59 — Range of foliage color, 159 



