84 LANDSCAPE DESIGN 



lively cascade is set off by the still pool below it. The effects of the quiet 

 open landscape in one part of a great park and the meeting-place for 

 crowds in another part are each heightened by the presence of the 

 other. The shady pergola at the end of a garden, the sunlit open flower 

 beds around the central fountain, are each the more attractive for the 

 contrast the other affords. 

 Effects in Any natural feature sufficiently unified to have a character will 



TA T^*^ have thereby its own effect. In some cases, this effect, this spirit 



of the scene, will seem a definite individuality. This is particularly 

 true of waterfalls, which have so much in form, in motion, in set- 

 ting, to make them individual. This is well exemplified by the three 

 falls shown in Plates 12, 13, and 14, which, although they all lie 

 not far apart on the same river, are still strikingly different in their 

 expressions. 



In a varied natural landscape, particularly that of a mountainous 

 country, the sequence of natural characters produces its corresponding 

 sequence of effects, each enhanced in the mind of the beholder by the 

 memory of the others. Take for instance what a man may see who 

 climbs a peak in the Alps. He starts in the early morning from his room 

 in the little Swiss village in the sheltered valley, and walks in the half- 

 light through the narrow crooked street between the overhanging 

 houses where people are just astir. Presently he comes out on the 

 open grassland, steep, sidelong, clinging to the hill, but every foot of 

 it either used for pasturage or cut for hay for winter fodder. Then 

 he enters the deep spruce woods, still cold with the night air before the 

 coming of the sun, and goes upward along the valley of a mountain 

 brook, following first a road down which the wood for the village is 

 hauled, and then a path which scales the head wall of the brook valley. 

 As he comes over its crest, he finds himself above the wood and for the 

 first time in the morning sun, and he sees across the lower open ridges 

 of rock and snow the peak which he means to reach. For two or three 

 hours he goes upward, over slopes of rock and sparse grass and then 

 through snow which, first lying in wisps on the north sides of bowlders, 

 soon covers all the ground and stretches in furrowed fields toward the 

 foot of the peak. Looking down, he sees the village from which he has 

 come, a group of toy houses on a patch of green velvet grassland, still 



