222 LANDSCAPE DESIGN 



Where two roads bearing very different kinds of traffic must cross each 

 other, — as for instance where, exceptionally, a service road crosses an 

 approach road on a private estate, or where a cross line of commercial 

 traffic must intersect a park road, — one road may be bridged over 

 the other. Usually the less important road will go beneath, although 

 the topography may determine without appeal which shall be the 

 higher road. If the service road passes over the pleasure road, it 

 should usually do so on a well-designed bridge. If the pleasure road 

 passes above, perhaps a wider bridge may be used, with planting on 

 its sides, or the service road may even go through a short tunnel, 

 giving space for planting enough to make it quite invisible from the 

 pleasure road. 

 Fiews of and A road serves Other purposes in landscape design than mere provision 



from Roads f^j. g^gg q{ traffic. It is taken by the traveler as a guide : he assumes 

 that a road will lead him to the places to which he is supposed to go. 

 Roads can thus be used to display to those using them certain beauties 

 of a park or of a private estate. If this enjoyment of views from the 

 road is a matter of considerable importance in the whole design, pains 

 should be taken that the spectators come to the various outlooks and 

 objects of interest without retracing their course,* in pleasant sequence, 

 and prepared by each one for the next to come, as where, after passing 

 through a shady wood, a road comes to an outlook over a sunny land- 

 scape. Views taken up and down the road must be considered : they 

 are inevitably seen by every one who travels upon it. Where a road 

 changes direction, a view out at the point of change, continuing the 

 line of the road which approaches it and centering on an interesting 

 distant object suitably enframed by che planting about the road itself, 

 is a desirable possibility which the designer should have in mind. 

 (See Drawing XV, opp. p. 122.) Views to be enjoyed from a road, where 

 the spectator looks sharply to the right or left, should of course be en- 

 framed by the planting along the road itself, but they should not be 

 enframed with so small an opening that the traveler has been carried 

 by before he has had time to enjoy the view. It is usually desirable 

 also that interesting views should not be seen to right and left of the 

 road at the same time, if it can be arranged that they be seen alternately. 



* Cf. Chapter XI, p. 309. 



