APPENDIX 343 



get, and the very actuality of the model tends to make its faults the 

 more noticeable and its misrepresentations the more misleading. A 

 model is intelligible to many who cannot understand a plan, and is 

 indeed to the mind of almost any one more definite and concrete than 

 a drawing. It has a place therefore which no other method of repre- 

 sentation can fill, but its cost and the difficulty of transporting it tend 

 greatly to restrict its use. 



Pictures are much cheaper than models. They have the advantage Pictures and 

 of stating at once, if not all the spacial relations, at least all those in ^^^^^^ 

 the chosen plane. If properly done, a picture shows not only rela- 

 tions designed to occur, but relations indirectly caused by the directly 

 determined design. This, of course, is the greatest advantage of pic- 

 torial representation in study. Like the model, it shows not only 

 whether the ideas decided on are good, but it shows also what results 

 arise from these decisions. Further, like the model, it allows the 

 client to follow any sequence of relation he pleases, and to look at the 

 things presented in any order he chooses. It has the disadvantage 

 that it is more definite than it is always desired to be, and so leads to 

 misunderstandings, — for example, a triangle, if drawn, must be isosceles 

 or scalene or whatever the draftsman draws it, whereas all he may mean 

 to pledge himself to is, perhaps, that it shall have three angles and 

 straight sides. Again, pictorial representation attracts attention to the 

 picture, to the means of expression, — more attention than verbal 

 representation commonly attracts to the words. This is presumably 

 because we are more familiar with written and spoken words than with 

 drawings as a means of expression ; so with speech we notice the sense, 

 not the diction, but with a drawing we are apt to notice the picture 

 rather than the thing portrayed. It is often inadvisable that the 

 client's attention should be directed primarily to the drawing as such, 

 for it distracts his attention from the thing expressed, particularly since 

 the appearance of the drawing often cannot at all adequately repre- 

 sent the appearance of the executed design. 



Words can show reasons, that is abstract, non-visual relations. Written 

 Words are sequential, and cannot show everything at once. We run ^^^'^^"^^^^ 

 a risk here of losing the attention of our client before he gets our point, 

 but we have the advantage that the client must follow our sequence 



