Walks and Drives 101 



permanent stakes should always be set firmly enough so 

 that thev may not be moved until the work of grading, 

 tilling, trimming, and smoothing off is completed. 



Construction of Drives and Walks 



A good walk or drive cannot be made on a poor founda- 

 tion, any more than a bridge or a house. A foundation 

 must be provided that will not allow of settling unevenly 

 bv the action of frost. Standing water under the walk will 

 also cause uneven settling, and one of the first steps to take 

 in pro\iding for the foundation is the removal of any sur- 

 plus water. If not naturally underdrained, a tile or stone 

 drain should be laid not less than 3I feet below the surface, 

 and if the land is very wet and the walk wide a line of tile 

 on each side. Fig. 57, may be necessary. On a side-hill a 

 deep-laid drain on the upper side. Fig. 58, a little distance 

 from the walk ^-ill often be more effective than if laid directly 

 under it. If the whole IsLvm. is well underdrained, no other 

 drainage need be provided except that obtained in con- 

 struction. 



To pro\'ide a walk that shall be dry at all times and 

 especially after very heavy rains, the material of which it 

 is made should be of very porous character. This condi- 

 tion is best obtained by excavating the whole space to be 

 covered from one to two feet deep and filling in first with 

 boulders and rocks, then with smaller stones and coarse 

 gravel, and finally with gravel from which most of the sand 

 or loam has been screened. 



The rocks and boulders should be first packed as closely 

 as possible, then the small stones filled in about them, and 

 then the coarse gravel packed and tamped down thoroughly. 

 If a hea\y roller is obtainable and can be used at the differ- 

 ent stages of construction, this will be the best means of 



