Country Roads and Roadside Improvements 121 



in correct ideas of road-making; and the large number of 

 automobiles and bicycles now in use will furnish another 

 incentive to further improvement. 



In this volume no attempt will be made to give detailed 

 instructions for the construction of broken-stone roads 

 (Fig. 67), but the discussion will be confined to the making 

 and improving of ordinary gravel roads. 



Surface of the Road 



The most noticeable feature of the ordinary country road 

 is its flatness and unevenness of surfr.ce and the little atten- 

 tion given to surface outline and underdrainage, both of 



Fig. 66. — Section of Ordinary Country Road. 



which defects can be easily remedied. A section of the 

 ordinary road, as often seen, is shown in Fig. 66, where the 

 shoulders are higher than the road-bed and with depressions 

 or basins here and there, caused by settling from the weight 



Fig. 67. — Section of Macadam Road. 



of traffic or from the displacement by frost. Such a road 

 will wear out rapidly where the water stands, will be unpleas- 

 ant to drive over on account of uneven surface and mud, 

 and the worn particles of the road will not be washed out 

 to the side, but become fine dust during dry weather. Fig. 

 67 illustrates the modern macadam road with well-rounded 

 surface and gutters; but whether the road be constructed 



