Parks, Public Squares, School-yards, Etc. 143 



trees upon such grounds that will withstand the attack of 

 the crowd in their rush or run for the goal. On larger 

 grounds where a liberal space can be assigned for the play- 

 ground decoration of greater or less extent with smaller 

 trees, shrubs, or plants may be attempted at points some 

 distance from the play-ground and in the angles where there 

 is no necessity or excuse for the pupils crossing the grounds. 



It is always advisable to have the play-grounds and the 

 sanitary accommodation of the boys and girls separated, 

 especially in graded schools of the older pupils, which 

 necessitates a larger area of land and more extensive decora- 

 tion, and for a school of from loo to 200 pupils not less 

 than I to 2 acres will pro\'ide adequate space. This large 

 extent of land is often difficult to obtain, but it will be found 

 one of the best investments that can be made for our school- 

 children, especially in thickly settled villages, and where 

 the buildings are located near stores, railroad stations, etc. 

 If the sanitaries are placed in the basement of the school- 

 building, as they should be and are in most modern build- 

 ings, and the grounds are where they command full view 

 from school doors or windows, the play-grounds need not 

 be separated more than by an occasional group of small 

 shrubs to distinctly mark the boundaries. 



Reading-rooms, gymnasia, and other sources of enter- 

 tainment and instruction provided for the pupils of our 

 public schools will be found to aid greatly in the moral, 

 physical, and intellectual training of our youth. Neatness 

 and comfort should prevail everywhere, that each pupil may 

 feel encouraged in every effort at self-control and good pur- 

 poses. Figs. 81, 82, and 83 illustrate how school-yards of 

 various forms may be divided into two separate yards and 

 the arrangement of the trees and shrubbery. The arrange- 

 ment of shade-trees around the border is a desirable feature, 

 whatever the size or form of the grounds, and if trees of 



