188 Landscape Gardening 



ever may be planted among their roots grow satisfactorily. 

 To succeed with strong-feeding plants, like shrubs, bulbs, 

 bedding plants, etc., under the shade of elm trees, the soil 

 and all of the fibrous roots should be dug out with a sharp 

 spade, a foot or more deep, filling up the space with turfy 

 loam, when if there is moisture enough supplied a good 

 growth will take place. If the trees are large this treat- 

 ment may be necessary each year. 



English Elm {Ulmus campestris). — Although of a sturdy, 

 vigorous, upright growth, it does not reach the beauty 

 and grandeur of our American elm. As with the English 

 oak, this species takes many interesting forms, some of which 

 are very beautiful. 



Scotch Elm {U. sca6ra).— Much like the last, but with 

 a rather more upright and heavy growth. 



All of the elms are subject to the attack of the elm-scale 

 (Gossyparia), canker-worm, and the elm leaf -beetle, which 

 see on pages 270-274. 



European Larch (Larix decidna) .—This is one of the 

 most beautiful and rapidly growing trees, and except when 

 injured by the pine saw-fly, an insect the larvae of which 

 destroy the foliage in the summer, and an aphis or plant- 

 louse that sometimes checks its growth, is a most desirable 

 tree. The foHage is very fine and feathery, and in the 

 spring of the most delicate green color, while in the autumn 

 it changes to a beautiful golden color and hangs a long time, 

 which gives very beautiful effects in contrast with other foli- 

 age or by itself. It is best transplanted in the fall and suc- 

 ceeds upon the poorest of soils. The lateral branches should 

 be encouraged to make a full growth by heading in the top 

 while young, yet at the same time its regular pyramidal 

 habit of growth should be preserved, 



