Insects and Fungi Attacking Trees, Etc. 323 



For scale insects it is applied to the trees at any time after 

 the leaves fall in the autumn until growth begins in the 

 spring. 



Both this and the Hme-sulphur solution are equally 

 effectual in destroying scale and other insects, but the oil 

 spreads more evenly over the small branches and buds and 

 does not require quite as much care in application. 



In the application of both insecticides and fungicides the 

 directions given upon the packages should be carefully 

 followed. 



Hellebore Powder. — This is a fine powder made from 

 grinding the roots of Veratriim album ^ and will kill most 

 chewing insects. It, however, is more expensive and does 

 not adhere so well to the foKage as Paris green and arse- 

 nate of lead, even if used in lime solutions or water. It 

 will not, however, injure the foliage, and is not nearly so 

 poisonous — not dangerously so unless taken into the lungs 

 or stomach in large quantities. It is best used in water or 

 dusted on while the foliage is wet with rain or dew. 



Kerosene Emulsion. — Formula: \ pound common bar 

 soap, 2 gallons water, 2 gallons common kerosene. 



Dissolve the soap in the hot water; while still hot, add 

 the kerosene and churn back and forth with a garden- 

 pump or syringe until a milk or cream-like liquid is formed. 

 When cold, dilute with water to make from 10 to 25 gallons 

 of liquid. This is used for the destruction of sucking insects 

 Hke aphides (plant-lice), scale insects, etc. 



Whale-oil Soap is very frequently used as an insecti- 

 cide at the rate of from i pound to 3 to 5 gallons of water, 

 according to the insect to be destroyed. 



Pyrethrum or Persian Insect Powder.— This substance 

 is made from the flowers of two or three species of pyrethrum 

 or feverfew (chrysanthemum), the flower-heads of which 

 are ground to a fine powder, known in the markets as pyre- 



