Insects and Fungi Attacking Trees, Etc. 329 



out from its hibernating places in early summer, feeds upon 

 the foliage for a time and lays its eggs on the under side of 

 the leaves soon after they unfold. These eggs are bottle- 

 shaped, of orange color, are laid in clusters of from 5 to 20, 

 and attached to the leaf by the larger end (e). The eggs soon 

 hatch, and the larvae (g), of a slender form, about ^ inch 

 long when fully grown, and yellowish-brown color with a 

 yellow line or band along the back, feed rapidly and in from 

 two to four weeks descend to the ground, where they pupate 

 under some convenient shelter. In some sections of the 

 country as many as three or four broods are reported in a 

 season, but in northern New England it has not been proved 

 that more than one brood matures. 



Remedy. — This pest is best destroyed by spraying with 

 arsenate of lead from 3 to 5 pounds to 50 gallons of water. 

 The time for sprapng is the last of May or early in June for 

 the destruction of the beetles (this date will vary with loca- 

 tion, whether North or South), and again about the middle 

 of June for the larvae, and if all the larvae are not destroyed 

 by the first spraying one or two more applications at inter- 

 vals of a week or ten days should be made. 



Elm-scale {Gossyparia ulmi), Fig. 178. — Very little 

 seems to be known about the hfe-history of this insect, and 

 yet it is one of the most widely distributed and injurious 

 insects attacking the elm. It is a small, soft-scale insect of 

 a whitish color (/) that attacks both the American and 

 European species of the elm. It is found on the under side 

 of the branches, and when crushed leaves a stain on the 

 fingers or clothing much like that of iron-rust. It injures 

 the trees by sucking the juices of the young shoots and 

 small branches. In many sections in Massachusetts they 

 were so abundant during the season of 1895 that the leaves 

 and bark of almost every tree were badly covered with a 

 black substance resulting from the dust of the atmosphere 



