350 PARKS AND PLEASURE-GROUNDS. 



and leaves of a reddish tinge. The foliage of yews is generally of a 

 dark green. Mr. Barron, of Elvaston Castle, greatly commends 4 as the 

 most effective yellow evergreen known. Yews are extremely usefid in 

 pleasure-grounds, as low trees and shrubs, and make good undergrowths 

 in the woods of the park, especially where a depth of shade is required. 

 It must never be forgotten that they are poisonous to horses and cattle. 



The Effects of Climate. — The climate of the lo- 

 cality will, in great measure, limit the number of 

 species in the pinetum, or at least the number of those 

 which may be expected to attain a considerable degree 

 of perfection. Of the hardiness of certain recently- 

 introduced sorts some doubts may be reasonably enter- 

 tained, except, perhaps, in the case of such as are 

 known to thrive in climates of equal or greater se- 

 verity than our own. In the southern parts of Eng- 

 land and Ireland, most, perhaps all, of those marked 

 sub-hardy may succeed ; but in less favored localities, 

 they will exist only as specimens preserved with dif- 

 ficulty. Those marked doubtful will also become in- 

 ferior trees and shrubs. In the higher and more 

 northern regions of the country, the sub-hardy kinds 

 must increase in number, and so proportionally dimin- 

 ish the extent of the members of the pinetum. The 

 climate of the south of England and Ireland, and of 

 the west coast and islands of Scotland, where there is 

 little frost, we can not doubt, will prove most suitable 

 to the group Pseudo-Strdbus^ which is the most deli- 

 cate of all the divisions of the jDine' tribe. At the 

 same time, there are some countervailing circumstances 

 in elevated localities. Many of the pines are natives 

 of mountainous regions, and therefore find something 



