66 



(Bracing. 



and unsightly, with a ditch of stagnant water at the bot- 

 tom. The dotted line in Fig. 31 represents the actual 

 surface. The solid line shows the grading after the work 

 has been finished. It will be seen from the section in the 

 figure that only a comparatively small quantity of material 



'(i 



FIG. 32— METHOD OF MODIFYING STEEP SHORES. 



has been handled to produce this effect. The result is a 

 pleasantly sloping lawn, a clear, fresh-water pond sur- 

 rounded by various ornamental trees and shrubs. Small 

 streams and ponds are often found with steep banks, as 

 seen in Fig. 32. In such cases an easy and natural slope to 

 the water's edge should be made, as shown by the dotted 



FIG. 33.— HOW TO MAKE A WALK ON SLOPING GROUND. 



line in the same diagram. This, while not increasing the 

 volume of water contained in the pond, widens the surface 

 considerably, and gives a more natural and pleasing finish. 

 In the construction of walks and drives considerable 

 grading is often necessary. Fig. 33 shows a sloping surface 

 with a considerable fall. As it h:is been decided to con- 



