©rives an& maifcs. 



77 



FIQ. 40.— SHELL WALK ON LOW GROUND. 



uniform size, as large as peas or hazel-nuts, up to an inch in 

 diameter, are often found in large quantities on the sea- 

 shore. These are excellent for the construction of all kinds 

 of walks ami drives in a garden. If the walk is small and 

 the road-bed has been made perfectly solid by means of 

 ramming, a layer of these, about two inches deep, spread 

 over the ground and beaten down firmly, will make a dry 

 and durable path in 

 most places. On low 

 ground it is practical 

 to make road material 

 thickest in the middle, as shown in the diagram, Fig. 40. 



Fig. 41 shows a section of a drained walk on clayey soil. 

 As the clay prevents the water from sinking, the drain 

 is necessary to carry 

 away the water after 

 heavy rains. After 

 draining through the 

 covering, or making 

 its way from the edge 

 of the walk along the 

 scooped-out surface of 



the bed, it sinks without difficulty to the drain. Special 

 drainage for drives and walks is needed only on flat and 

 low land, or where the subsoil is stiff and impenetrable. In 

 all places where the 

 subsoil is gravelly or 

 porous, drainage is 

 superfluous. If the 

 incline of a drive is very steep, the edges are likely to be 



FIG. 41 —DRAINED WALK OR DRIVE ON LOW GROUND. 



FIG. 42.— SIMPLE GRAVEL PATH. 



