78 Drives anc- TKHalfes. 



cut, or washed away in places during heavy rains. To 

 prevent this, shallow gutters, about eighteen inches 

 wide, made of cobble-stones from three to five inches in 

 diameter, are needed on both sides of the drive. The 

 stones should be set in sand, and the finished gutter 

 must be slightly lower than the edge of the drive or walk, 

 as shown in the diagram, Fig. 43. Simple gravel paths of 

 coarse material are solid enough for most small gardens and 



FIG. 43— LARGE DRIVE WITH SURFACE DRAINAGE; a a, GUTTERS. 



will generally keep dry and comfortable. Paths of flag- 

 stones and boards are ugly and unsigthly — out of all har- 

 mony with a garden ; but asphalt and cement walks are 

 both nice and comfortable. 



In the construction of walks, besides such common tools 

 as the spade, shovel, and rake, a rammer of hard wood or cast 

 iron, as shown in Fig. 19, is needed. It is used in the road- 

 bed for making the soil firm, and afterwards to ram down 

 stones and gravel. For marking the edge a strong line is 

 necessary, and to cut out the edge of the sod an edging 

 iron is better than a spade, as it cuts cleaner and with 

 greater ease. 



The walks may be kept clean either by sweeping, if the 

 surface is perfectly solid, or by using a short-toothed rake. 

 Cement and asphalt walks can be washed when necessary 

 by means of the garden hose. 



