180 2>ectt>uous ZErces. 



it may be cut down, and a new growth will follow quickly. 

 Many of the larger forest-trees may be treated in the same 

 manner in parks and gardens. When they have become 

 too large they should be cut down and utilized, and a second 

 and more rapid growth is sure to follow. 



Hop-Hornbeam, Ostrya Virgin tea. — This is a fine and 

 slender tree, with brownish bark and birch-like foliage, 

 growing in rich woods, frequently among beech and birch. 



Hornbeam, Carpinvs betulus. — A medium-sized or, more 

 often, a small tree with birch-like foliage and smooth gray- 

 ish stems. The spray is light and beautiful. It grows 

 along stony rivers in moist and rich soil, but will thrive in 

 any moderately good soil when cultivated. This is one of 

 the best trees for hedges and screen planting. Its elegant 

 habit and moderate size make it a particularly valuable 

 tree for smaller grounds. The American hornbeam is a 

 smaller species, but grows under the same conditions and is 

 available for the same purpose. 



THE BIRCH FAMILY. 



Birch, Betida. — All the birches are trees with com- 

 paratively light foliage and slender sprays of more or less 

 cordate or ovate leaves. They are very fragrant in spring 

 when the leaves unfold, and the tender green of their foliage 

 makes them particularly attractive during that season. The 

 white birch is very beautiful throughout the year because 

 of its white trunk. It grows in poor and gravelly soil into 

 medium-sized trees, with more or less bent and twisted 

 stems and branches, and oblong crowns. There are many 



