193 



Howard Pollack, then Deputy Administrator of the National 

 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, expressed a similar 

 sentiment when he testified that "any conservation program for 

 a particular species must not only include studies of that 

 species, but also other organisms which interact with that 

 species in the marine environment, and indeed the environment 

 itself." 34 



Another government witness, Dr. Lee Talbot of the Council 



on Environmental Quality, drew a careful distinction between 



management for human versus ecological purposes. As he 



explained: 



[I]t is possible to manage a wild species for a 

 maximum sustained yield under conditions which 

 may alter or make less stable other parts of 

 the environment. Therefore, the maximum 

 sustained yield in some cases may not be 

 necessarily the yield level at which the 

 optimum environmental balance . . . may be 

 maintained. . . . the objective of management, 

 as we see it, should not be purely economic 

 gain . . . but environmental balance and 

 economic gain consistent with that. 35 



In 1988, the MMPA was amended to reguire the preparation 

 of conservation plans for depleted marine mammals. 36 In doing 

 so, Congress emphasized in the legislative history the need 

 for an evaluation of the relationship between the species or 



■"Senate Hearings, at 426. 



35 Id. at 146-47. 



36 See 16 U.S.C.A. S 1383(b). 



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