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to support grants for conservation projects on the ground. For the 

 long-term that, is a healthier environment. 



Mr. Castle. Thank you. 



Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I apologize for having to leave early. 



Mr. HocHBRUECKNER. Thank you. Governor. 



Mr. Hamburg. 



Mr. Hamburg. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I apologize for being 

 late, but just with what I have heard and what I have been able to 

 read I am really impressed with what this Foundation does. 



There are several things that you are working on that are of spe- 

 cial interest to me representing the north coast of California. I 

 would like to ask if I could, Mr. Eno, if you could just give me a 

 little more information about the Marbled Murrelet and Spotted 

 Owl. It looks like the prey research for the Spotted Owl is done in 

 Humboldt County. 



Mr. Eno. Both of those projects, I believe, have been cornpleted. 

 They were done several years ago. They were sort of behind the 

 major curve that is propelling the controversy on owls, murrelets 

 and old growth. 



Both of these were research projects identified by both the Fish 

 and Wildlife Service and the forest products industry as problem 

 areas, and we gave a grant to respond to those concerns. And the 

 matching funds for both projects came from the forest products in- 

 dustry, from NCASI. They basically have been completed. 



We have done a lot of other projects. Most of our other projects 

 in northern California have focused on the salmon recovery. 



Mr. Hamburg. I was going to ask you about that next. 



I was looking over this Bring Back the Natives prograrn and 

 wonder if you would comment on that more, and specifically if you 

 would comment on why this program is so important. Why is 

 bringing back the natives so important as to opposed to relying pri- 

 marily on hatchery fish? 



You may know that we had a particularly disastrous situation 

 this year on the north coast, the second consecutive year we have 

 had the northern California salmon fishery completely close down 

 this time due to the — actually, the last two years due to the prob- 

 lematic status of the fall run Chinook salmon. And what we are 

 trying to do on both the Klamath and Trinity systems and Sacra- 

 mento system is bring back the natives and not rely completely on 

 the hatchery fishery, although there are hatcheries that can posi- 

 tively impact this industry. 



Could you comment on this program and why it is so important 

 to bring back the native stocks? 



Mr. Eno. I will, if you permit me to sort of be fairly general. The 

 history 



Mr. Hamburg. OK. I just want to get something on the record. 



Mr. Eno. The history of fishery management in this country is 

 this: once a river is pretty well ruined for native species, we have 

 tended to build a hatchery that dumps fish back in the river or spe- 

 cific segments of the river. So what you are doing in terms of con- 

 servation is managing small blocks of a degraded watershed, and 

 really none of the Federal or State agencies over the last 70 years 

 have looked at restoring native fisheries on a watershed basis from 

 the Rocky Mountains or from the tip of the Sierras to the ocean. 



