314 OKNAMEi^TAL GARDEN lifG. 



had from a garden in this condition. AVarmth and air 

 at the roots are essential for their growth, and these can 

 never be well secured in undrained, wet soil. 



In the work of draining, usually common drain tiles, 

 or pipes, are laid in lines twenty to forty feet apart, 

 and three or four feet deep for loamy soils, and 

 fifteen feet and u^Dwards apart, and about three 

 feet deep for heavy soils. Land naturally open and 

 dry may not require draining. The best style and size 

 of tile is the round, with collars, and tliese may be from 

 one and one half to two inches inside diameter for com- 

 mon tiles, with the cross mains two to four inches. 

 The smaller the tiles, if they answer their purpose, the 

 less liable are they to become obstructed, because the 

 flow is more concentrated. The tiles should be so hard 

 burned that they will give a clear ring when struck, but 

 not over burned. It will pay to carefully examine the 

 tiles and accept only such as come up to this standard, 

 for soft tiles are not durable, while those that are hard 

 burned, warped, or melted, make defective drains. Like 

 a chain, the effectiveness of a di'ain is only measured by 

 its poorest parts. 



Drains may also be may of rubble stone or broken 

 rocks, two or three inches in diameter, placed to a depth 

 of fifteen inches in the bottom of a trench. Wooden 

 drains, made of ordinary rough boards, cut into strips 

 four inches wide and nailed together, by using three 

 pieces, into a triangular box or pipe, breaking the joints. 

 These drains, which answer very well for small jobs, 

 should be laid with a point downward like the letter V. 



The bottoms of drains must be even, and have suf- 

 ficent fall throughout their length to make a ready flow 

 towards the outlet. Generally the sewers from the 

 buildings may be made a part of the sewage system of 

 the garden, in which to lead the water. 



