NOVEMBER AXD DECEMBER. 369 



and plants, that are hardy after they become well estab- 

 lished, and the roots have had a chance to push below 

 the frost line, that should be protected for a few years. 

 Partial protection, by covering the surface over the roots 

 with a mulch of straw, hay, or leaves, will be all that 

 is needed by many kinds. Such a covering, four inches 

 thick, is enough, and more might cause mildew. Shrubs 

 that are tender, should also be protected with straw or 

 matting above the ground. Bring the branches together, 

 lash a cord around them, and place the straw about them 

 for their entire length, completing by winding strong 

 twine around the whole with the turns at short distances 

 apart. If a tree with branches too large to be brought 

 together into one bundle, is to be protected, then a num- 

 ber of different bundles may be made, afterwards drawing 

 these together somewhat and binding them. Roses and 

 other plants that can be bent to the ground, ])y taking 

 away a spadeful of earth at the root on one side, may be 

 protected by completely covering them with six inches 

 of soil. 



Many evergreen trees cannot well be brought together 

 to bind with straw ; these may have boughs of any kind 

 of evergreens placed over and against them to keep off 

 sun and wind, which more than anything else injure 

 evergreens in winter. A hood, made 

 of seven-eighth inch matched stuff, as 

 shown in figure 138, may also be used 

 for such purposes. The lower growing 

 evergreens may be covered by strewing 

 Fijr. 138.— straw over them. Globe-headed ever- 

 A PLANT HOOD, grecus, like the dwarf Arbor Yit?es, and 

 some others, are at times liable to suffer from snow lodging 

 in the tops, causing the branches to spread out of shape. 

 This may be prevented by nailing two boards of a suit- 

 able length into the form of a letter V, and then invert- 

 ing this over them, lashing a cord around both, to bring 



