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to hit if we don't achieve the consensus, and as a result of that fail- 

 ure of a forcing mechanism there is the ability to trip along on the 

 status quo. I think we and the tribal voting member have had a lot 

 of success in formulating our approach; and in proposals for pres- 

 entation to Canada, we cannot get the concurrence of the remain- 

 der of the commission to put those across, and as a consequence we 

 have been frustrated in moving forward on particularly chinook 

 and coho management. 



Ms. Furse. Thank you. 



Mr. Strong. In response to the question, Congresswoman Furse, 

 the Federal Government, first of all, has a responsibility to develop 

 a shared vision. I believe that having so many processes out here in 

 the Northwest has really fractionated everyone's efforts. 



Our resources are being expended, particularly time and people, 

 by participating in at least ten different processes designed for 

 salmon restoration. We also find that some of the lead agencies, 

 such as the National Marine Fisheries Service, can as they go 

 along more or less promulgate their own rules and regulations for 

 implementing the Endangered Species Act. 



It may be hindsight, but perhaps the Congress should have devel- 

 oped the implementing rules and regulations as they developed the 

 laws. It created a considerable amount of conflict and confusion as 

 many of the Federal agencies began competing for the purpose of 

 developing the best restoration plans. 



The idea of merging perhaps the National Marine Fisheries Serv- 

 ice fishing programs with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service might 

 serve a useful purpose in helping develop that shared vision. 



With regard specifically to the tribes, it isn't just a tribal racial 

 issue when we talk about treaty rights, it was to ensure the perpet- 

 uation of natural species. The Federal Government has to take a 

 very clear position with regard to artificial propagation. The trea- 

 ties and the ultimate building of the dams created a mitigation pro- 

 gram. 



Hatcheries were a big part of that mitigation program and led to 

 the tribes agreeing to a large part of the hydro development. 

 Absent any artificial propagation, we see the United States prom- 

 ise for artificial propagation as a means of mitigation being empty, 

 and it results in Article 5 of the Constitution, property damages to 

 the tribes, which we have estimated to date at about $8 billion, and 

 that is something we don't want to go back into, so I believe the 

 idea of shared vision. 



And very briefly with regard to the salmon czar, I think Senator 

 Hatfield came here earlier and said everyone must take account- 

 ability for their actions lest the guillotine come down upon your 

 head. I think that is really where we should be focusing. 



Ms. Furse. Thank you. 



Mr. Hallock. I believe, Mr. Chairman, we need a statement of 

 the imperative character of restoration from the President to agen- 

 cies, and then we wouldn't have the Bonneville Power Administra- 

 tion under-funding the Council's budget, as we speak, $15 million. 

 The Corps of Engineers has declared a six-month delay in the John 

 Day drawdown. 



The Forest Service is behind grazing management improvements, 

 identifying revisions to the management plans, and on and on and 



