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bycatch, including bnt not limited to observers on every boat; aerial surveillance; 

 random at-sea checks; bounties; fines; civil and/or criminal penalties; bycatch landing 

 documentation and credits; and inter-species quota trading. 



REFORM THE FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCILS 



Open access and politicized allocations of allowable harvest create and 

 exacerbate conflicts on interest on the fishery management councils. ITQ management 

 has the potential to reduce conflicts of interest by replacing yearly votes on allocation 

 with a more objective, consensus-based allocation formula tailored to specific fisheries. 

 Once the initial allocation is made, market forces will make subsequent allocations in 

 response to changes in allowable catch, retirements, etc 



Certain steps can be taken to remedy the effects of conflicts of interest in the 

 short term. 



* The MFCMA should require that some minimnm number or proportion of Council 

 voting members should have no affiliation with user groups or government agencies. 



PROTECT FISH HABITAT 



Currently, fishery managers have little influence over the actions of private 

 landowners and state and federal agencies that affect fish populations. 



* The MFCMA should mandate interagency coordination to protect fish habitat on 

 an ecosystem management basis. 



