120 PARKS AND PLEASURE-GROUNDS. 



two or three years before tlieir removal. This is done 

 by digging a trench round the tree at the distance of 

 from two to four feet from the trnnk^ according to the 

 size^ and to the depth of from eighteen to thirty inches, 

 so that all the spreading roots may be cut through, and 

 the descending roots left untouched for the present. 

 When the roots are abundant, three or four of the prin- 

 cipal ones should be left undivided till the period of 

 transplantation, or they may be cut at the distance of 

 three or four feet beyond the trench. These reserved 

 roots will afford the tree a better hold of the ground 

 when lifted, while the shortened roots will yield a 

 copious supply of fibres with which to commence its 

 renewed growth. When the soil is of ordinary quality, 

 it may be replaced in the trench ; if it is very inferior, 

 or if there are but few roots or fibres within the ball left 

 by the cutting, some prepared soil may be introduced. 

 Generally, however, this is unnecessary, and we prefer 

 keeping the enriched earth to be put round the ball and 

 among the young fibres at the time when the tree is 

 placed in its new site. 



The removal of large trees requires the assistance of 

 machinery, horses, and a number of men. The common 

 two-wheeled Janker, with its single pole and truss fixed 

 on the centre of the axle, is the least expensive, and at 

 the same time the most convenient machine. As the 

 trees, when placed on it, lie on their side, a little 

 management is required to preserve the branches from 

 being injured by trailing on the ground. We have 

 found the Janker sufficient for ordinary purposes. The 

 Elvaston machine is a more expensive one, but is un- 

 doubtedly a more efficient aid in transplantation ; the 

 trees are moved with larger and better balls, and the 



