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In that regard, Mr. Chairman, there are essentially, if we step 

 back for a minute and look at it, really three elements to the suc- 

 cessful handling of this problem. First, it is on-board processing; 

 secondly, it is the human factor; and, thirdly, it is committed man- 

 agement. With respect to on-board processing, Mr. Chairman, we 

 have seen in the short period of time that MARPOL Annex V has 

 been in existence — about four and a half years — a literal technolog- 

 ical revolution in garbage processing on board ships. I have given 

 you as Appendix C and D of my statement some flow charts which 

 show you the state-of-the-art material that is available today. This 

 machinery is there. Much of it is in place. A lot of it is being used 

 on many of our ships, not all of our ships but many of our ships. 



The other thing I should point out, Mr. Chairman, with respect 

 to the on-board processing factor is that the key to waste process- 

 ing is garbage separation or sorting. It is a real problem. It is a 

 real challenge. All bottles have to be sorted out by color — the 

 brown bottles from the green bottles from the white bottles. Card- 

 board has to be sorted out. Food stuffs have to go into certain 

 areas. We are talking about large ships, ships that carry sometimes 

 2,400 passengers and a crew of 1,400 or 1,500 people. They are 

 being fed three times a day so it is a major, major effort, but the 

 key is garbage sorting, and we think we are on top of that. 



Secondly, Mr. Chairman, let me address just briefly the human 

 factor. Admiral Henn and the Coast Guard have been major play- 

 ers in the human factor element with respect to IMO safety regula- 

 tions and with respect to environmental problems. It can't be over- 

 stressed that the human factor is the key to the successful resolu- 

 tion of this problem, but the human factor boils down, Mr. Chair- 

 man, into three subparts: training, communications, and supervi- 

 sion. 



When a crew member is hired, he goes into a four week training 

 program on our lines. A lot of things are covered including garbage 

 disposal and protection of the environment. We make every effort 

 with new crew members to train them on what to do, where to do 

 it, and how to do it. Specifically, they are instructed not to throw 

 anything overboard at anytime. But that is not enough. It takes 

 continued refresher courses. It takes continued communication. We 

 have posters in all of the crew quarters and take other efforts to 

 constantly remind them. In many respects, this isn't a technical 

 problem. Don't throw anything overboard isn't a technical problem. 

 That requires supervision. 



There are various techniques we are using with respect to super- 

 vision. The master or captain of the ship is the management's rep- 

 resentative. The captain of the ship is the management of the ship. 

 He is held responsible. And that, Mr. Chairman, is probably the 

 key element with respect to the human factor. 



Lastly, Mr. Chairman, let me just touch on management commit- 

 ment. None of this will work unless there is a total, thorough com- 

 mitment by the cruise line to protect the environment. It has to be 

 a total commitment, and it has to go from the Board room to the 

 garbage room. There can't be any hesitation in between the Board 

 room and the garbage room. We know that. 



How do we convince you in five minutes that we are committed? 

 We probably can't. It is going to be very difficult, but I do want you 



