IMMANUEL KANT 191 



and the walls of his retreats, were impressed with the characters 

 of profaneness, ignorance and obscenity ; his hedges were broken, 

 his statues and urns defaced, and his lawns worn bare. It was 

 now, therefore, necessary to shut up the gardens once more, and 

 to deprive the public of that happiness which had before ceased 

 to be his own. — Essays : ' 0?i the Tenafits of the Leasowes? 



T WOULD divide the Art of Painting, as one of the second IMMANUEL 

 ^ kind of Formative Arts, representing sense-appearance (jo >, 

 {Si7i?ien-scheiii) artistically united with ideas, into that of 

 beautiful presentation of Nature, and beautiful combination 

 of her products. The first would be pure Painting, the second 

 Pleasure-gardening. For the first gives only the appearance of 

 physical extent, whereas the second represents this according 

 to truth, but only the appearance of its application and use for 

 other ends, as merely for the play of the imagination in the 

 contemplation of its forms. The latter is nothing else but 

 decoration of the ground with the same variety (grasses, flowers, 

 bushes and trees, even waters, hills and valleys) as Nature 

 presents to the sight, only in different combinations and ac- 

 cording to certain ideas. But the beautiful juxtaposition of 

 material things is also only presented to the eye, as in painting. 

 — Criticism of the Aesthetic Judg77ient. 



—N\f\j\h — 



Professor of Botany at Cambridge^ a post he obtained by fraud. '■One RICHARD 

 of the first writers on Horticulture^ who concentrated in any considerable BRADLEY, 

 degree, the light of other Sciences for its improvement. His works abound in ,1 \ 

 information collected from books and men of learningj' — G. W. Johnson. He ^ ' ' ^~'' 

 was the author of twenty-nine different works on Botany^ Husbandly and 

 Gardening. His ' General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' is a 

 su77wia7y of what he had previously wi'itten on the stibject. 



"\ A 7HEN I consider these things, I cannot enough lament the 



^ ' want of learning among the gardeners of this nation -, who 



in their spare hours, were they Men of Letters, might very 



