HISTORICAL EPILOGUE 403 



to take a rapid glance at those of Germany, Spain, India and 

 Japan. 



Germany has been in the main a follower rather than a leader 

 in garden design ; but she has played an important part in 

 spreading knowledge upon the theory, and in producing tasteful 

 and skilful designers in the modern ' natural ' style. Hirschfeld ^ 

 in 1770 deplores the Gallomania which pervaded Germany, 

 resulting in numerous copies of Versailles, Trianon and Marly ; 

 and later in imitations of the English taste. Solomon de Caus's 

 plan of the Gardens at Heidelberg, published in 1620,- is not 

 very different from those of other formal gardens of the period. 

 The Episcopal Gardens at Wiirzburg were long reckoned the 

 finest in Germany, first laid out in servile imitation of Versailles, 

 and then treated in a mixed style by Mayer ; ^ they are still 

 deserving attention as the Public Gardens of the city. Krafft 

 considered the gardens of Schw^etzingen in Baden as the most 

 splendid in Germany, and they are fully described by Dr Granville 

 in ' In Autumn near the Rhine.' 



Worlitz and its gardens near Dessau, engage a good deal of the 

 attention of the Prince de Eigne in his ' Coup d'oeil sur les 

 Jardins.' The same writer regards Hirschfeld (whose book 

 is one of the leading authorities on the subject) as ' touched with 

 Anglomania,' and Mayer, like many other German designers, 

 learnt much of his art in England. 



The ' English Garden ' at Munich, the first of its kind in 

 Germany, was laid out in 1789 under the direction of Count Rum- 

 ford (the founder of the Royal Institution), by Louis Sckell, who in 

 his day enjoyed a great reputation, and also designed an English 

 Garden at Nymphenburg. 



A few other gardens famous in Germany and Austria are : — 



Schonbrunn, laid out in the French style, by the architect Fischer 

 of Erlach, was in 1 775-1 780 enlarged by Steckhoven, a Dutch 

 artist. Hadersdorf, designed by the celebrated Marshal Loudon : 



^ Theorie de I'Art des Jardins. Leipzig, 1770, 5 vols. 410. 



- See ante p. 342. 



^ Pomona Franconica, 1776, by John Mayer. 



