CH. II.] THE ROOTS. 71 



have been formed, such an application is essential, 

 though the radical cure and preventive of recurrence 

 — thorough draining, be adopted. It is not an extrava- 

 gant assertion, that there is scarcely a garden exist- 

 ing, that "would not be benefited by under-draining. 

 Every gai'dener knows the absolute necessity for a 

 good drainage under his wall-trees and vines ; but 

 few gardeners ever think, for a moment, whether 

 there is any escape, any outfall, for the water he 

 has drained from immediate contact with the roots 

 of the above-named favom^ed trees. Every garden 

 should have di'ains cut, vaiying in depth from two 

 to three feet, according to the depth of the soil, 

 A^ith an intenal of twenty-four feet between the 

 drains. At the bottom of the drains, should be 

 placed one-inch pipes : these should be well puddled \ 

 over, six inches deep, with clay, and then the earth 

 returned^. They should have an outfall into a ditch, 

 at the least elevated side of the garden. By having 

 the pipes with a bore no larger than an inch, moles 

 cannot creep in, and they are large enough to carry 

 off all the water, after even the heaviest rains. 



The expense is, comparatively, nothing, varying 

 from 3/. to 61. per acre ; and I shall not stop to argue 

 with any one, who doubts for an instant the advan- 



* If the subsoil be clayey, the drains should be only twelve 

 feet apart, and the draining tiles covered with stones. 



/- 



