160 PEINCIPLES OF GARDENING. [CH. V. 



single stem is suffered to stand perpendicularly. On 

 the contrary, where a peach is budded upon a stock of 

 some cultivated variety of its own species, the stock 

 and the budded stem remain very nearly of the same 

 size at the point of junction, as well as above and 

 below. No obstacle is presented to the ascent or 

 descent of the sap, which appears to arise more 

 abundantly to the summit of the tree. It appears, 

 also, to flow more freely into the slender branches, 

 wdiich have been the bearing wood of preceding years, 

 and these extend consequently veiy ^ndely, com- 

 pared "v\'ith the bulk of the stock and large branches. 

 " "V\Tien a stock of the same species, A^"ith the grtift 

 or bud, but of a variety far less changed by cultiva- 

 tion is employed, its effects are very nearly allied to 

 those produced by a stock of another species or 

 genus. The graft, generally, overgrows its stock ; but 

 the form and durability of the tree generally are less 

 affected than by a stock of a different species or 

 genus. Many gardeners entertain an opinion, that 

 the stock communicates a portion of its own power 

 to bear cold without injury to the species, or variety 

 of fiTiit, which is grafted upon it : but I have ample 

 reason to believe that this opinion is wholly errone- 

 ous ; and this kind of hardiness in the root alone, 

 never can be a quality of any value in a stock, for the 

 branches of every species of tree are much more 

 easily destroyed by frost than its roots. 



