CH. v.] THE SAP. 167 



same effect, first introduced in Germany, \dz., by 

 removing an entire zone of bark, about an inch wide 

 around the branch to be rendered more fruitful, and 

 taking care that the bark be completely removed 

 down to the very wood. This was designated the 

 ring of Pomona, but it certainly was not auspiciously 

 received by that deity, for although it renders the 

 part of the branch superior to the woimd more 

 fruitful for two or three seasons, yet it renders the 

 branch unsightly, by the swelling which occurs 

 around the upper lip of the wound, and is always 

 followed by disease and unfmitfulness. 



If the branch of a tree be cut off; or if an inci- 

 sion be made so as to remove entirely not only a 

 section of its bark, but also the alburnum of the 

 wood beneath it, one bud or more, if the tree be 

 vigorous, usually will be put forth below the incision. 

 Lateral vessels are formed from the alburnum, com- 

 municating with the bud, and ha\dng a similar 

 return communication with those of the bark, it 

 speedily enlarges into a perfect branch, with its 

 necessary leafy organs. If instead of leaNing the 

 portion of the branch above the incision exposed 

 to the air it be covered with moist earth, which is 

 easily effected by the aid of a layering pot, roots will 

 be protruded from the lips of the wound, and as 

 these are furnished, like the bud produced from 

 below, with vessels from the alburnum and bark, it 

 is evident that the plant has the power of producing 



