CH. v.] THE SAP. 175 



next season. If the production of spurs is the ob- 

 ject of pmning, a branch should be pinned so as to 

 leave a stump ; because, as the sap supplied to the 

 branch vdW be concentrated upon those buds remain- 

 ing at its extremity, these will be productive of 

 shoots, though othenvise they would have remaineii 

 dormant, it being the general habit of plants, first to 

 develope and mature parts that are furthest from the 

 roots. It is thus the filbert is induced to put forth 

 an abundance of young bearing wood, for its fruit 

 is borne on the annual shoots, and similar treat- 

 ment to a less severe extent is practised upon wall 

 fmit. 



With regard to the practice of budding, the gar- 

 dener finds it essential to insure success, that the 

 bud should be sheltered from the direct rays of the 

 sun, and the wound, where it joins the stock, from 

 the air and from wet. 



Moist bast is usually employed for closing the 

 womid of the stock ; but it is far preferable to use 

 worsted, and over this a coating of the grafting wax, 

 made according to the following recipe : 



Ozs. 



Burgundy pitch 1 



Common pitch 4 



Yellow wax 4 



Tallow 2 



Nitre (carbonate of potash, powdered) . 1 



