Sundry Sma/l Tools. 195 



its use to various soils or crops, or to various stages 

 of growth. That position of the standards or hoes 

 which is shown in the illustration, is the one which 

 casts the earth toward the rows; but whenever the 

 opposite result is aimed at, it can be arranged for by 

 merely changing their positions, putting each on the 

 opposite side, the work of a few moments only. Al- 

 though the present is an age of improvements, and 

 predictions are always rash, I consider it next to impos- 

 sible that this implement will be superseded or very 

 much improved upon. 



\w— . - -— 



Spade. 



The Hand-hoe most used by market-gardeners is one 

 rather wide and thin, say ten inches by four inches for 

 the blade ;-and on light sandy land, such as they qui:e 

 generally have in cultivation, one of this description 

 will be found very much to be preferred. The Shovels 

 used are of two kinds, one with short handle and squara 

 blade, the other with a long handle and round point. 

 The former is always employed for putting the heating 

 material into hot-beds, the square part being convenient 

 for making the bottom of the bed sniooth and even. 

 The long one serves best for banking celer)- and oro.i- 

 nary work around the fences and buildings. The Spade 



