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effect, varied breaks or implanted parts, at intervals, would add to the variety 

 of surface produced by the grouping of trees in kinds, and the charming 

 influences of contrasted light and shade would be much heightened. The 

 crown or summit of a hill should never be planted without its seeming 

 to proceed from a larger mass on the hill side below. A solitary clump, 

 or, in other words, a round cap of trees, such as we sometimes see in 

 mountainous districts, on the summit of a conical hill, is so utterly unpic- 

 turesque, that there is little fear of such examples being copied in tire 

 nineteenth century. 



Correct grouping is one of the first principles of Landscaping. Massive 

 plantings, dissociated from groups of trees and bushes, would appear stiff, 

 heavy, unnatural, and totally devoid of interest to the painter. In associating 

 groups with masses, the best and most natural effect, and that which 

 gives the greatest expression, is generally attained by first placing the 

 largest group or cluster in advance, and pretty near to a projection of the 

 mass ; and then smaller ones about these again. Thus the depth of bay in 

 the mass is augmented, and the projection also increased. A few small groups 

 of low- growing trees placed in the bays at intervals, make the depth more 

 intricate. Care must be taken, however, in the arrangement, not to lessen 

 this depth, nor to fill the bay too much. A mass of trees, even not exceeding 

 half an acre in extent, placed in a park independently of the wood or 

 principal plantation, under command of a bird's-eye view, would require 

 several larger and smaller groups to proceed, as it were, from it by degrees. 

 A broken, loose appearance, producing effective light and shade, would thus 

 be attained, and afford much greater beauty than the same mass would do 

 dissociated from other trees, were its outhne ever so varied. The mass itself 

 ought not to appear one dense body, but should have its monotony broken 

 by parts being left unplanted. 



In planting a park, and adjusting existing trees therein, I may first 

 mention that it is important that the kept ground should be hnked easily 

 and naturally with it, by placing groups of trees and bushes, of the same 

 relation or character as those in the kept ground, on the park side of the 

 division fence, so as to appear parts of one mass or group. This will prevent 

 a sudden break between the two scenes. When hedge-rows are so numerous 

 as to produce a generally monotonous wooded appearance, a sufficient number 



