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size and handsome form. We should never, as some do, duh a tree so much 

 as nearly to divest it of its branches, supposing that the roots curtailed by 

 the process of taking up are inadequate to support the vitality of its top ; for 

 this is to a great degree erroneous. It is true that the roots are not capable 

 of imbibing sufficient support for the first year or two, to produce much 

 growth in the top ; but if the tree survives, the leaves which it produces, 

 as well as the roots, become ultimately equal for its conservation. They 

 form, in fact, lungs of the tree ; absorbing, as well as evaporating organs, 

 necessary to its health and growth. To cut off, therefore, such means 

 of vitality from a tree while in this delicate position, would prevent the 

 necessary free motion of its sap. However, were we to admit that the 

 dubbed tree would make greater shoots, and those sooner than one with its 

 top undubbed, for the first year or two, many years would be required for its 

 original dimensions and beauty to be regained, — if, indeed that were ever 

 done ; whereas, by the process which I have mentioned, it retains nearly its 

 full size, and in two or three years, a well-managed tree would become so 

 established as to grow freely and increase in size and beauty. The tree being 

 raised perpendicularly, its roots and fibres are then to be regulated and put 

 in order by the hand, and covered by degrees with fine soil, which is to be 

 worked in amongst the roots carefully with an appropriate stick, so that the 

 roots do not he hollow. To accomplish this more effectually, when the roots 

 are more than half covered, the whole must be well drenched with water, the 

 tree being moved or rocked a little at tire same time, to allow the puddle to 

 mix and fill in amongst the roots. About this stage of the process, before 

 all the earth is filled in, in order to prevent boisterous winds disturbing the 

 roots and pressing the tree out of its perpendicular, it is a good plan to fasten 

 the roots down in three or four places by means of a strong stick, about two 

 feet long, laid across them near to their extremities, and kept in its place with 

 strong hooked sticks at each end, until the stick bends with the pressure, 

 rather than otherwise. (Fig. 11. a.) The next day after watering, or when 

 it may be considered that the water previously applied is absorbed, the soil 

 should be filled in and trodden moderately and firmly down. In finishing, 

 the levelling should be left to appear to be a very gentle swell, to represent 

 the natural raising of the ground by the roots of the tree, as is general. But 

 this artificial swell must have a slight hollow at its top near the tree, for the 



