Description of Native Trees 



i6o. Black Spruce. (Picea mariana.) 



Leaf : yi'-^i' , 4-angled, apex sharp, dark green or with white 

 bloom, growing from all sides of branch. Cone : oval or long- 

 ovate, I'-iyi' long, hanging two or three years ; scales with up- 

 per edge often slightly eroded. Northern New England and 

 New York, and along the Alleghanies. 



161. Red Spruce. (Picea rubens.) 



Leaf : %'-}(', 4-angled, apex sharp, dark glossy green when 

 mature, growing from all sides of branch. Cone : iX'-2', long- 

 ovate, not hanging over winter; a little more southerly than black 

 spruce, of which it is perhaps a variety. 



162. Norway Spruce. (Picea excelsa.) 



Leaf : much as in white spruce (159), but tree identified by 

 conspicuous drooping of branchlets, especially in older trees, and 

 by great length of cones (4'-6') ; introduced, but becoming spon- 

 taneous. 



163. Hemlock. Hemlock Spruce. (Tsuga canadensis.) 



Leaf : about %\Jiat, apex rounded, pliant, mostly 2-ranked, 

 i.e., growing on two opposite sides of branch. Cone : ^'-^', 

 oval, remains through one winter ; commonest northward. (PI. 

 XV.) 



164. Balsam Fir. Balm of Gilead Fir. (Abies balsamea.) 



Leaf: )^'-i',y?a/, apex usually pointed, pliant, not 2-ranked, 

 as in hemlock. Cone : 2'-4', cylindrical, erect on branch (in 

 other evergreens it droops) ; trunk thickly blistered, exuding an 

 aromatic gum. South to Pennsylvania, and along Alleghanies ; 

 prefers damp woods. 



165. Southern Balsam Fir. (Abies fraseri.) 



Leaf : as in 164 ; chief difference in the cone, which is only 

 i'-2' long, and long-ovate. Mountains of Pennsylvania and Vir- 

 ginia. 



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