Trees, Shrubs and Vines 



173. Green Alder. Mountain Alder. (Alnus viridis.) 



Leaf : much as in 171. Flower : as in 171, but the pistillate 

 formed in spring (not late in previous year, as is the case with 

 both pistillate and staminate catkins of 171, 172), and the flowers 

 appear with, not before, the leaves ; seeds winged ; in 171, 172 

 they are wingless. Western Massachusetts, west and north, and 

 in Alleghany Mountains. 



174. Hazel-nut. (Corylus americana.) 



Leaf : 3-6', simple, alternate, serrate, roundish, base slightly 

 cordate, apex slightly tapering. Flower : staminate (8 stamens 

 in each) in long pendent catkins ; pistillate (one style with 2 stig- 

 mas in each), several in a short ovoid catkin ; April before leaves ; 

 fruit, a hard oval nut, enclosed in a leafy cup of 2 separate, 

 broad, deeply serrate or lobed bracts. (PI. X.) 



175. Beaked Hazel-nut. (Corylus rostrata.) 



Leaf : as in 174, but often smaller. Flower : as in 174, but 

 the leafy bracts around fruit extended in a long bristly tube above 

 the nut. Commoner north ; 2°-6° high. 



176. Scrub Oak. Dwarf Chestnut Oak. (Quercus Muhlen- 

 bergii.) 



Leaf : 3'-4', simple, alternate, coarsely round-toothed or 

 slightly lobed, long-obovate, base sharp, glossy above, whitish or 

 bluish and slightly downy beneath. Flower : yellowish green ; 

 staminate in slender pendent catkins (calyx 2-8-lobed) ; pistillate 

 (with 3-lobed stigma) single or few-clustered ; in spring. Massa- 

 chusetts, west and south ; 2°-4° high. (PI. X.) 



177. Bear Oak. Black Scrub Oak. (Quercus ilicifolia.) 



Leaf : 2-4', simple, alternate, about 5-lobed (lobes rounded 

 and bristle-pointed), long-obovate, base wedge-shaped, whitish 

 downy beneath, thickish. Flower : as in 176. New England 

 to Ohio, and south ; on sandy or rocky ground ; 3°-8° high. 

 (PI. X.) 



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