16 VILLA GARDENING part i 



Lebanan, the Cedar of Mount Atlas, Picea Nordmanniana and 

 Picea Pinsapo. To these I will now add Picea nobilis, Crj^pto- 

 meria japonica, Abies canadensis (Hemlock Spruce), Abies Clan- 

 brasiliana — a dwarf, dense species suitable for small grass plots or 

 planting on rockwork. The Cedrus Deodara and the Welling- 

 tonia gigantea are ornamental in a youug state, but are uncertain 

 afterwards, and it is unsatisfactory to plant a thing one cannot 

 rely upon. Abies Smithiana is a handsome tree, and not so 

 particular about soil or situation as many conifers are. The 

 Deciduous or Swamp Cypress (Taxodium distichum) is a hand- 

 some tree for damp situations on strong soil. A somewhat similar 

 situation also suits the Hemlock Spruce. Of the smaller conifers 

 a more extended list may be made, as the Biotas (Chinese Arbor- 

 vitses), the Yews, Thujas, Junipers, and the many forms of 

 Japanese Cypress will succeed in most places. Biota orientalis, 

 B. aurea, B. elegantlssima, B. semper-aurescens, Cryptomeria 

 elegans, Cupressus macrocarpa, C. Lawsoniana, C. L. erecta 

 viridis, C. L. gracilis, C. L. lutea, C. L. pendula alba, Juniperus 

 chinensis, J. hibernica, J. prostrata, J. virginiana, Retinospora 

 filifera, R. obtusa, R. pisifera, R. p. argentea, R. plumosa, R. p. 

 aurea, R. squarrosa, Taxus adpressa, T. baccata (common Yew), 

 T. b. elegantlssima, T. b. aureo-variegata, T. fastigiata (Irish Yew), 

 T. f. aureo-variegata, Thuja occidentalis (American Arbomtte), T. 

 0. Vervseneana, Thujopsis borealis, and T. dolobrata. 



Other Evergreens. — Arbutus Unedo (Strawberry Tree), A. An- 

 drachne, Aralia Sieboldi, Aucuba dentata variegata, A. maculata, 



A. japonica vera, A. j. luteo-carpa (yellow berries). Male varieties : 

 — Aucuba japonica maculata, A. japonica viridis. The introduc- 

 tions from Japan of late years have added to the numbers and 

 increased the interest of this family. It is a very ornamental 

 class, and with the Hollies and lAdes should be largely planted in 

 suburban gardens. A very limited number of male plants will 

 suffice to fertilise a large quantity of female plants if growing in 

 the immediate neighbourhood without any further trouble, as the 

 wind, aided by insect agency, conveys the pollen from one plant to 

 the other. Sometimes the males bloom first, and in that case the 

 pollen must be collected and kept dry till the flowers of the 

 females open, then be dusted among the plants on a fine, dry day. 

 The evergreen Barberries are a large and beautifid family, for the 

 most part bearing yellow or orange flowers in spring. B. Darwini, 



B. dulcis, and B. stenophylla are free-growing, graceful-habited 

 shrubs. B. japonica is less well known, but is very handsome. 

 B. aquifolium is one of the best plants for forming masses of 

 undergrowth and covering dry banks. The Barberries should, as 



