246 VILLA GARDENING PART iii 



iu their system, our almost svmless seasons cannot drive it off 

 and niatm-e the wood sufficiently to produce blossoms. If the 

 upper foot of soil coidd be kept fau'ly fm-uished with roots, the 

 few that will penetrate deeper woidd do no harm. It is when, 

 through bad management, aU are driven down that root pruning 

 and root lifting become necessary. Where the trees are com- 

 paratively young, i.e. not more than from eight to ten years 

 planted, the best remedy is carefully to dig up the tree, beginning 

 far enough from the trunk, so as to save as many of the roots 

 as possible, replanting with those spread out horizontally, none 

 more than a foot from the surface, and endeavoimug by midchings 

 and top-dressings to keep them from striking downwards again. 

 Trees that are too old or too large for lifting may still have their 

 roots lifted and brought nearer the surface. In some cases of 

 course, where the roots descend almost perpendicularly, thoy 

 cannot be lifted and must be cut off. A rough-and-ready way 

 of pruning the roots of over-luxuriant trees is to open a trench, 

 say three feet from the tnmk, save all the small roots, but cut 

 off all thick ones, imdermining the ball, and cutting off all the 

 roots which are striking downwards. Only half the tree should 

 be done at one time, the other half being deferred till the 

 following year. When filling up the trench it will be a great 

 advantage if fresh soil can be given and the old removed. The 

 soil from the vegetable quarters will be better than filling in mth 

 the exhausted kind taken out, and there should be no difficulty 

 iu making an exchange of this kind. 



List of Apples — Dessert kinds. — Irish Peach, Red Quar- 

 renden, Golden Reinette, King of the Pippins, Orange Pippin 

 (Cox's), Ribston Pippin, Stiumer Pippin, Old Golden Pippin, 

 Scarlet Nonpareil, Claygate Pearmain, Lord Burghley, Cockle 

 Pippin, Old Nonpareil, Reinette du Canada, Kerry Pippiji, 

 Northern Spy, Fearn's Pippin, Court Rendu Plat, Dutch Miguonne, 

 Duke of Devonshire. 



Cooking Ajiples. — Alfriston, Annie Elizabeth, Keswick Codlin, 

 Hawthornden, Lord Suffield, Mank's Codlin, Stkling Castle, 

 Cellini, Stone's Apple, Blenheim Orange, Kentish Fillbasket, 

 Striped Beaufin, Dumelow's Seedling, Warner's King, Norfolk 

 Beaufin, Yorkshire Greening, EckUuville Seedling, Waltham 

 Abbey Seedling, Small's Admirable, Bedfordshire Foundling, 

 Cox's Pomona, Hoary ]\Iorning, Northern Greening, Rymer, 

 Winter Majetin, M^re de Manage, Hambledon Deux Ans. 



