354 REMARKS AND OPINIONS. 



From Magindanao, the most southern of the Plii- 

 hppines, the chain of forelands stretches to the 

 south-east over the Moluccas and Gilolo, New 

 Guinea, and various adjacent archipelagos, as far 

 as to New Caledonia, and the New Hebrides lying 

 before it, under the southern tropic. The separate 

 mass of New Zealand may be considered as the 

 southern end of this bulwark, and Norfolk Island 

 indicates its connection. Beginning at Lu9on, the 

 most northerly of the Philippines, the chain of fore- 

 lands extends towards the N.E., over Formosa, 

 smaller groups of islands, Japan, the Kuriles, the 

 Kamtschatkan peninsula, the Aleutian Islands, the 

 American peninsula of Alashka, and connects itself 

 with the continent of the New World, in the sixtieth 

 degree of north latitude. 



Burning volcanoes rise every where along this 

 coast, at least from the New Hebrides to the conti- 

 nent of America. In New Zealand, also, volcanic 

 productions have been discovered, and shocks of 

 earthquakes perceived. Further inland, along the 

 coast here described, volcanoes occur only in isolated 

 places. It is to be observed, that the earthquakes, 

 which shake the Philippine islands, are not felt in 

 the island of Paragua (the Patavan of the English 

 charts), which lies S. W. of Lu9on, between Min- 

 doro and the north point of Borneo. 



The western coast of the two Americas forms 

 the eastern coast of the Great Ocean. It runs 

 clear and luiinterrupted, broken only in the ex- 



