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Recreation - Activities such as boating, off-road vehicles, 

 horseback riding, and camping bring people to the streams and 

 their banks. Effects include disturbance of spawning redds bank 

 erosion, loss of riparian vegetation, and stream pollution. 



Irrigation - Irrigation can reduce access to habitat through 

 water diversions and diversion dams, and reduce flows in rivers 

 or streams. Agricultural practices associated with irrigation 

 may lead to removal of stream corridor vegetation and 

 channelization of streams, which lead to erosion and 

 sedimentation. This results in higher water temperatures during 

 low flow conditions which, when combined with warmer irrigation 

 return flows, can inhibit salmon migrations. 



Silviculture - Silvicultural activities, which may include 

 prescribed burning, as well as the application of herbicides and 

 pesticides, have the potential to result in physical impacts to 

 fish habitat, and also cause direct and indirect toxic effects 

 when nontarget organisms are exposed. 



Our Northwest Regional Habitat Conservation Branch reviews 

 proposed forestry activities on Federal lands that have the 

 potential to affect anadromous fish or their habitats, providing 

 environmental impact statement recommendations pursuant to NEPA. 

 These activities primarily include timber harvesting, livestock 

 grazing and mining. We also coordinate with the U.S. Forest 



