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introducing competitor species. 



If we don't act fast and intelligently in the Pacific 

 Northwest, we will soon complete a colossal repetition of those 

 mistakes. Over 100 locally adapted Pacific anadromous salmon and 

 trout stocks are already extinct: over 200 are at risk' of 

 extinction. Only a fast-dwindling vestige of the world's once 

 most spectacular salmon resource remains. And, as you know, 

 several Pacific salmon stocks were recently listed as threatened 

 and endangered, and petitions for listing many more stocks are 

 imminent unless massive change is accomplished soon. 



Annually stocking millions of hatchery salmon has failed to 

 stem the decline; it also has damaged wild salmon populations and 

 deluded people into ducking the hard decisions^ 3 4 & 6_ Among 

 the hard decisions society has all too often avoided are to 

 protect intact habitat and to restore abused habitat. If we make 

 better choices now, the remnant wild stocks can begin to rebuild 

 themselves. 



An essential choice is to manage our federal lands 

 differently. We have long tended to emphasize timber cutting and 

 livestock grazing. After the Multiple-Use-Sustained-Yield Act of 

 1959, more effort toward non-commodity and indirect commodity 

 uses of National Forests began. Still, these were too often 

 token sidelines. It's easy to set policy, then work around it. 



