Weisel, C. P., J. L. Fasching, S. R. Piotrowicz and R. A. Duce. 



1979. A Modified standard addition method for determining 

 cadmium, lead, copper, and iron in sea water derived samples 

 by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Advances in Chemistry 

 Scries. No. 172. 



Lee, R. F., and C. Ryan. 



1979. Microbial degradation of organochlorine compounds in 

 estuarine waters and sediments. Proceedings of the Workshop: 

 Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in Marine Environments 

 p. 443^50. 



Biological Effects Program (BEP) 



The objectives of this program were to determine the effects of 

 various types and levels of pollutants on the life history stages and 

 physiological processes of a wide range of species. The major 

 emphasis in the final year of the Biological Effects Program(BEP) 

 was to find biological indicator species that could be used as an 

 early warning of pollutant-induced perturbations in the open 

 ocean. This focus evolved from the initial studies that began in 

 1973. At that time, several investigators initiated laboratory 

 experiments to evaluate sublethal, low-level effects of trace 

 metals, petroleum, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and phthalates on 

 the growth, behavior, and biochemical processes of several classes 

 of marine organisms. 



Biological Effects Bibliography 



Armstrong, J. E., and J. A. Calder. 



1978. Inhibition of light-induced pH increase and 2 evolution 

 of marine microalgae by water-soluble components of crude 

 and refined oils. Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 35:858-862. 



Batterton, J. C, K. Winters, and C. Van Baalen. 



1978. Sensitivity of three microalgae to crude oils and fuel oils. 

 In: Colwell, E. B., and J. W. Anderson(editors), Mar. Environ. 

 Res. 1:31-41. 



Ernst, V., J. M. Neff, and J. W. Anderson. 



1977. The effects of water-soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel oil on 

 the early development of the estuarine fish, Fundulus grandis 

 Baird and Girard. 1977. Environ. Pollut., 14:25-35. 



Laughlin, R. B„ Jr., and J. M. Neff. 



1977. Interactive effects of temperature, salinity shock and 

 chronic exposure to No. 2 fuel oil on survival, development rate 

 and respiration of the horse-shoe crab Limulus Polyphemus. 

 In: Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine 

 Organisms and Ecosystems. (Wolfe, D. A., ed.), p. 182-191. 



Laughlin, R. B., Jr., J. M. Neff, and C. S. Giam. 



1977. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated 

 naphthalenes, and phthalate esters on larval development of the 

 mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii. In: C. S. Giam (editor) 

 Pollutant effects on marineorganisms. p. 95-110, Lexington, 

 Mass: Heath. 



Lee, R. F. 



1977. Fate of oil in the sea. In: Proceedings of the 1977 oil spill 

 response workshop. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Dept. of 

 Interior, FWS/OBS 77-24. p. 43-54. 



Lee, W. Y. 



1978. Chronic sublethal effects of the water soluble fractions of 

 No. 2 fuel oils on the marine isopod, Sphaeroma quadridenta- 

 tum. In: Colwell, E. B., and J. W. Anderson (editors). Mar. 

 Environ. Res.. 1:5-17. 



Lee, W. Y. and J. A. C. Nicol. 



1978. Individual and combined toxicity of some petroleum 

 aromatics to the marine amphipod Elasmopus pectenicrus. 

 Marine Biology, 48:215-222. 



Lee, W. Y.. K. Winters, and J. A. C. Nicol. 



1978. The biological effects of the water-soluble fractions of a 

 No. 2 fuel oil on the planktonic shrimp, Lucifer faxoni. 

 Environ. Pollut. 15:167-183. 



Neff, J. M., and J. W. Anderson. 



1977. The effects of copper (II) on molting and growth of 

 juvenile lesser blue crabs Callinectes similis Williams. In: 

 Pollutant Effects on Marine Organisms (Giam, C. S.. ed.). 

 Lexington. Mass: Heath, p. 155-165. 



Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment 

 (CEPEX) 



CEPEX was an international, cooperative, field research 

 project designed to test the effects of chemical (pollutants) and 

 physical variables on the structure of pelagic marine communities 

 and the interactions between the various organisms. For this 

 purpose large plastic enclosures ( 1,300 m 3 volume) were filled so 

 that replicate intact watercolumns and their included populations 

 were captured. Each enclosure was manipulated according to a 

 specific experimental design, and the same populations were re- 

 visited for up to 90 days to determine shifts in population 

 structure. The field site was located in Saanich Inlet. Vancouver 

 Island, British Columbia. 



CEPEX Bibliography 



Azam, F., R. F. Vaccaro, P. A. Gillespie, E. I. Moussalli, and R. 

 E. Hodson. 1977. Controlled ecosystem pollution experiment: 

 effect of mercury on enclosed water columns. II. Marine 

 bacterio-plankton. Mar. Sci. Comm. 3:313-329. 



Brown, D. A., and T. R. Parsons. 



1978. Relationship between cytoplasmic distribution of mer- 

 cury and toxic effects to zooplankton and chum salmon 

 ^Oncorhyncus keta) exposed to mercury in a controlled 

 ecosystem. Journ. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35: 880-884. 



Eppley, R. W., P. Koeller, and G. T. Wallace. 



1978. Stirring influences the phytoplankton species composi- 



