30 OCEANOGRAPHY 



Mr. Wakelin. The representatives of the agencies on the Inter- 

 agency Committee have all agreed unanimously that the Hydrographic 

 Office is the best place to locate the center. 



Mr. Pelly. Well, we will probably get testimony from the actual 

 scientists themselves. 



I am thinking in terms of, for example, some of my own University 

 of Washington professors who has a great deal of interest in this 

 whole program. I am sure when they comment on the legislation they 

 will express for themselves this feeling and I only am using guess- 

 work when I say I think they will feel a little more free with some 

 other department but they, in turn, are grateful to the Navy for what 

 is done. 



That is all, Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. Miller. Mr. Oliver? 



Mr. Oliver. Mr. Chairman, I do not want to take up too much time 

 with the Secretaiy, but there are several points which I should like 

 to raise if I may. 



The first point, Mr. Secretary, is this : Have you any comments or 

 observations to make with reference to what the Soviet program is in 

 oceanography and particularly with reference to its fisheries program 

 in terms of oceanographic or marine research ? 



Mr. Wakelin. I have only general comments and I would like to 

 submit them, if I may, for the record, Mr. Oliver. 



The reason is that there is ojoen and there is classified information 

 and I would like to supply what you would like for the record. 



(The following was furnished for the record :) 



Information requested by Mr. Oliver, reference transcript page. 

 U.S.S.R. Oceanographic Program 



Although receiving greater emphasis since World War II, oceanography has, 

 undergone a marked expansion in the Soviet Union since 1955, follovv^ing the 

 announcement of its plans to participate in the oceanography program of the 

 International Geophysical Year (1957-58). Theretofore, Soviet oceanographic 

 research was limited mostly to the regions bordering upon the U.S.S.R., and 

 scientific relations with foreign scientists were essentially nonexistent. Since 

 1955, the U.S.S.R. has displayed a large, modern research fleet second to none, 

 has announced the construction of new research facilities, has operated its re- 

 search fleet throughout the oceans of the world, and has organized a sizable 

 manpower force to conduct oceanographic research. The period from 1955 to 

 1960 definitely has been one of acquiring facilities, manpower, and scientific data. 



The Soviet oceanography program has been a survey effort to collect oceano- 

 graphic ob.servations of all types over broad geographic areas. (See attached 

 chart of the IGY cruise tracks of Soviet ships.) The present research fleet of the 

 Soviet Union to support this type of effort is comprised of a large number and 

 variety of ship types ranging from small Ashing vessels to the Mikhail Lomono- 

 sov (5.960 tons). It also includes the research submarine Sereriinnkn. New 

 vessels have been acquired almost annually for this fleet. Since 1957, the Mik- 

 nail Lomonosov (5,960 tons), the Severyanka (1,050 tons), the Vm/eykmr 

 (3.600 tons) and the Shokarftkin (3,600 tons) have been added. The rate at 

 which new ships are being acquired probably will continue for the next several 

 years. Other converted submarines for research and underwater research ve- 

 hicles, such as bathyspheres and bathyscaphs, also are expected to be acquired 

 and supplement tlie surface research fleet within the next few years. Soviet 

 plans to construct a bathyscaph were announced earlier this year and bathy- 

 spberes have been used for several years. 



Shore-based facilities also have been expanded and constructed during the past 

 several years, mostly located in the Moscow area. However, plans to construct 

 scientific bases for two oii-eanographic institutes were announced in 1958 and a 

 branch of the Marine Hydrophysics Institute was opened recently in Kalingrad 



