38 OCEANOGRAPHY 



Thank you, Mr. Secretary. 

 Mr. Wakelin. Thank you. 



Mr. Miller. The next man on the list is one whom Ave always 

 welcome because lie brings us refreshing points of view. 

 Admiral Hayward. 



STATEMENT OF VICE ADM. JOHN T. HAYWAED, TJ.S. NAVY, 

 DEPUTY CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (DEVELOPMENT) 



Admiral IIayavard. I have a statement, Mr. Chairman, and in the 

 interest of time, I will submit it foi" the record unless you want me 

 to read it. 



Mr. Miller. You may submit it for the record and then summar- 

 ize it, if you care to. 



( The statement follows : ) 



Statement op Vice Adm. JoH^^ T. Hayward, U.S. Navy, Deputy Chief of 

 Naval Operations (Development), on the Necessity for Making World- 

 wide Ocean Surveys, and the Policy of the Department of the Navy with 

 Respect to Oceanographic Surveys 



Mr. Chairman, it is a privilege to be able to address this committee on a matter 

 of such importance to the country. I have prepai'ed a written statement which 

 I would like to present with your permission. 



Less than 5 percent of the ocean area is adequately surveyed. The informa- 

 tion that we have on the rest of the oceans is sparse and relatively inaccurate. 

 We have considerable need in this country for a greatly increased ocean survey 

 effort. These surveys should include continuous recording of bottom topog- 

 raphy, gravity, and magnetic data while the ship is underway and obtaining of 

 ocean water and bottom samples at intervals on the order of one station every 

 60 miles. From these surveys we hope to gain information which will be of great 

 immediate interest to our country. These include : 



1. Better navigational charts and other oceanographic information for use by 

 our ships and submarines. 



2. Improved knowledge of the oceans to assist our antisubmarine warfare 

 efforts. For instance, ocean surveillance I'equires extensive knowledge of the 

 shape and character of the ocean basins. 



3. Indications of what oil and mineral resources would be available in the 

 abyssal plains. 



4. What effect bottom topography has on satellite orbits. 



5. The exact size and shape of the earth through increased gravity data. 



6. Improved knowledge of the effects of the earth's magnetic field on various 

 extraterrestrial phenomena such as the Van Allen radiation belts which are so 

 important to space flight. 



7. A better understanding of ocean processes for location of fish and other 

 foodstuffs. 



S. Best routes for laying transocean cables. 



But over and above the practical results we hope to attain through an increased 

 ocean survey program, there are the as yet unknown results which will come from 

 our improved knowledge of the oceans. The oceans cover 71 percent of our globe 

 so that progress in many scientific areas is dependent on what we know of the 

 oceans. For instance, theories connected with gravity, seismology, sedimenta- 

 tion, and magnetism will be able to expand enormously. We will be better able 

 to attack such problems of basic research as the following : 



1. Age of the oceans and the history of our planet. 



2. Extent and origin of the abyssal plains. 



3. How do oceanic trenches stay free of sedimentation? What processes 

 form them? 



4. Do rift valleys actually exist? 



5. Where are fracture zones located and what is their origin? 



6. What is the mixing process within the oceans? 



To meet the needs of the United States as outlined above, the policy of the 

 Navy Department is to give full support to a vigorous oceanographic survey 

 program. We have at present 12 hydrographic-oceanographic survey ships des- 



