OCEANOGRAPHY 39 



ignated to perform the bathymetric, oceanographic, and geophysical aspects of 

 the program. In addition we frequently employ combatant ships for special 

 tasks, for example, the nuclear submarines Nautilus, Sargo, and Skate in arctic 

 research. 



In recent years the urgent needs for precise surveys by new weapons systems 

 under development have required a substantial diversion of survey ships to 

 purely military projects. However, in addition to our survey efforts to satisfy 

 the requirements of our military programs, the Hydrographic Office has been 

 able to carry out substantial surveys in little known and hazardous waters that 

 are of military and commercial importance to the United States and her allies. 



The Navy has also contracted through the Office of Naval Research for the 

 various oceanographic institutions to acquire survey information in conjunction 

 with their basic research programs. This has been an excellent source of val- 

 uable oceanographic data. To obtain maximum information from all possible 

 sources, the Hydrographic Office has requested our Navy and merchant ships to 

 send in bathymetric and meteorological data which these ships collect as a 

 matter of routine on their cruises. This is a major source of data for the charts 

 used by our seamen. The Hydrographic Office's ship routing system is another 

 effective program and results in a considerable saving of ship steaming time for 

 ships routed by the system. With increased knowledge of the ocean processes 

 from our survey efforts, we hope someday to be able to predict many oceano- 

 graphic conditions on a synoptic basis. This would be of tremendous use to 

 our fleet. 



From the technical viewpoint the ocean survey program recommended by the 

 National Academy of Science's Committee on Oceanography is feasible and real- 

 istic. The Navy is eager to support this effort within our capabilities. As a 

 step in this direction we now are studying the level of support which we can 

 afford to give to the Indian Ocean Exi>edition, an international group which is 

 making a survey of the Indian Ocean in 1961-64. 



As you can see from the above remarks the Navy is conscious of the needs 

 for increased ocean surveys. We are now collecting as much data as possible 

 and plan to continue an even more comprehensive effort as survey ships, per- 

 sonnel, and funds become available. Thank you. 



Adiiiiral Hayward. It is greatly to the point that only 5 percent 

 of the ocean area is adequately surveyed and that the information we 

 have is very sparse and inaccurate and we have a considerable need 

 in this country for greatly increased ocean survey effort. 



Now, these problems primarily are problems that we need to meet 

 to meet the needs of the United States. This is going to cover quite 

 an effort. 



The Navy Department, of course, is going to give full support to a 

 vigorous oceanographic survey program. 



We would be very remiss if we did not. 



We have at present 12 hydrographic oceanographic ships designated 

 to perform recording of bottom topography, gravity, and magnetic 

 data. We frequently employ combat ships such as the Nautilus and 

 the Skate in the arctic region with vrhich you are all familiar where 

 they did considerable work. In discussing the program, I am sure 

 your questions asked of the Secretaiy, particularly on priority, are 

 very pertinent but over the years and particularly in recent years, the 

 Navy has increased its effort and it has been in competition with quite 

 a few other very important areas, as you know, Mr, Miller. 



To give you some idea, and this is just the Navy's spending, since we 

 started this in 1948 really, I have a total of our expenditures in the 

 researcli aror.s and it does not incl^ide flassifiod military 7'esearch as 

 we know it. It started off in 1948 with $160,000 and has gone to in 

 fiscal 1961, $17,724,000. In the last 10 years, it has increased eleven- 

 fold. So that, I feel, just as the Secretary does, that if you went just 

 all out on the oceanographic side some other part of the research and 

 science program could suffer very much and that we have to be careful. 



