78 OCEANOGRAPHY 



Dr. Stewart. Yes, there have, Mr. Chairman, and for 1961 we 

 have obtained a substantial increase in the amount necessary for 

 implementing the instrumentation for our ships. It is a considerable 

 advance, but, as with many other things, the field of oceanographic 

 instrumentation is constantly on the move. 



. As an example, we just this week are having delivered to the 

 Explorer a salinity bridge for rapid detennination of salinity of sea 

 water samples at sea without having to bottle the samples and bring 

 them back to shore. This will speed up operations tremendously. We 

 have one. We hope eventually to have more. 



These things are constantly changing. 



This is almost a brandnew piece of equipment. 



Mr. Miller. This is a shnple instrument to operate? 



Dr. Stewart. This is amazingly sim})le to operate. 



Mr. Miller. In other words, previously you had to bottle this 

 water and bring it back and determine its salinity. This, I believe, is 

 an electrical method ? 



Dr. Stewart. It is. It works on the basic principle that the con- 

 ductivity of a sea water sample is a function primarily of the salinity. 



Mr. Miller. That can be related to the salinity ? 



Dr. Stewart. Yes, sir. 



Mr. Miller. So that that is something that even I could be taught 

 to operate ? 



Dr. Stewart. Oh, yes. 



Mr. Miller. If we had those on other ships, if the Navy had them 

 on the ships of the line and on their MSTS ships crossing the ocean, 

 could we pick up some valuable things? It may not be as refined as 

 you want it. 



Dr. Stewart. Anyone could with brief training with a piece of 

 equipment like that determine the salinity of a sea water sample. 



Mr. Miller. As you go on, do you not think that you will simplify 

 some of your other equipment? 



Admiral Pierce. Mr. Chairman, the ship has to stop to take these 

 samples and put them into this instrument. You still have to stop 

 your ship and get the samples, but it is a faster, more accurate method 

 of getting the value. 



Dr. Stewart. In order to get the sample this requires, at present, 

 Nansen bottles and an oceanographic winch, some means of control 

 to know where you are; and, once you are stopped, as long as you are 

 getting water samples, you might as well get sediment samples and 

 might as well make measurements of the velocity of sound in sea 

 water and do eveiything that you can at one time. 



I am inclined' to think personally, Mr. Chairman, that ocean- 

 ographic instrumentation as it becomes more sophisticated becomes 

 more complicated. 



Mr. Miller. I think that is generally true. 



Mr. Oliver. Do you not think that that is true of society as a 

 whole ? 



Mr. Miller. We will leave that to the Committee on Ways and 

 Means right now. 



Mr. Curt in? 



Mr. Curtix. T have no questions. 



Mr. Miller. Mr. Oliver? 



