OCEANOGRAPHY 79 



Mr. Oli\'er. I assume you have been aboard the Soviet research 

 ships, Vityaz and Lomanosov ^ 



Dr. Stewart. I have been briefly aboard the two of them. 



Mr. Oli\er. How does the instrmiientation aboard the vessels of 

 the Soviet compare with ours ? 



Dr. Stewart. Quite favorably, and I will speak specifically of the 

 Vityaz that I visited for a week in San Francisco. Some of their 

 equipment is inferior to ours. I am tliinking specifically of echo- 

 sounding equipment. Some of their equipment is considerably better 

 than anything we have. I am thinking specifically of what they refer 

 to as their hydro-optical program. They have some magnificent 

 equipment for studying the optical properties of seawater that people 

 with the visibility laboratory in San Diego have said is far superior 

 to anything we have. 



Generally, because of the wide exchange of information in the 

 oceanographic community, their instruments, tlie greatest proportion 

 of them were either identical with ours or a Russian counterpart of 

 ours. 



Mr. Oliver. I have one other question, Mr. Chairman. 



Do they do quite a bit of evaluating aboard those research vessels ? 



Dr. Stewart. Yes, sir, they do. 



Mr. Oliver. Do they do more than we in that particular area? 



Dr. Stewart. I believe they do. I believe the main reason for this 

 is that they have lots of space on these large ships not only for the 

 laboratories for doing the analyses but also plotting rooms and con- 

 ference rooms. 



In San Francisco, they held a symposium during which they de- 

 scribed the work they had been doing on that particular trip and I 

 know the oceanogra pliers that were aboard were quite impressed with 

 the degree to which they had worked up their data at sea. 



Mr. Olpver. I am not competent to evaluate, but aboard the Lom- 

 onosov last year in Xew York Harbor, it seemed to me that they 

 had quite a plant, the ship and its instrumentation and what not. 



Dr. Stewart. Yes. 



Mr. Oliver. I take it that the scientists aboard were doing quite a 

 bit of evaluating aboard ship while they were at sea ? 



Dr. Stewart. True. 



Mr. Oliver. I was wondering how our efforts compare in this 

 particular approach to the problem of oceanography. 



Dr. Stewart. Most of our evaluation is done ashore. 



Mr, Oli\t:r. This takes time and costs more money. 



Dr. Stewart. It takes a lot of time. 



Mr. Miller. Mr. Flynn? 



Mr. Flyxx. I have no questions. 



Mr. Miller. Admiral, I want to thank you and thank you, Dr. 

 Stewart, for being here. It has been most enlightening. 



I wish we had more time to go into a little more technical detail. 

 There are more questions I would like to ask. 



Thank you very much. 



Admiral Pierce. Thank you, sir. 



Mr. ^Miller. Rear Admiral James A. Hirshfield, Acting Com- 

 mandant of the U.S. Coast Guard. 



Admiral, we are very happy to have you with us, sir. Of course, 

 the Comirdttee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries is particularly 



