130 OCEANOGRAPHY 



bring heat up. There is a big reservoir of heat in the bottom of the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence. This is continually renewed and is an inex- 

 haustible supply. 



At the same time, you are also pumping up nutrients. There is a 

 big supply of nutrients in the bottom of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

 You would increase your fisheries. 



This is the beginning of climatic control. Power requirements are 

 not big. We are working in the fifth decimal place. Density of the 

 water at the bottom of the Gulf of St. Lawrence is only very little 

 more than the density at the surface. To plow the sea, which is all 

 you need to do to make it produce more, is energywise much less than 

 you need to plow the land. We have been doing this for years. It 

 is much easier to turn over water than to turn over soil. 



Finally, I think we are clearly facing a revolution in naval archi- 

 tecture. I believe lightweight, high-powered marine powerplants 

 could be made available today within the existing technology, but it 

 will probably take somewhat longer because these things are expen- 

 sive to develop. However, once we have powerplants available for 

 ships that are in the same class weightwise as powerplants available 

 in airplanes today and do not need big crews to maintain them, then 

 ships become an entirely different sort of thing than we know them to- 

 day. The Navy will evolve extremely rapidly. These will be very high 

 performance ships and it will become absolutely necessary m the de- 

 sign of the control mechanisms for these ships to know a great deal 

 more about waves and turbulence than we know today. In a sense, 

 in oceanography today we are trying to get the information together 

 that we feel the designers are going to need once this technical break- 

 through occurs. 



Those were the thoughts I had prepared. 



Mr. Miller. Thank you very much, Doctor. We always like to 

 see you come here. You bring us fresh thoughts, new thoughts, fresh 

 information. 



As to this matter of using bubbles, have not the Japanese used 

 that? 



Dr. IsELiN. They have made breakwaters this way. 



Mr. Miller. The Japanese used this around one of their shipbuild- 

 ing plants, did they not ? 



Dr. IsELiN. We are using it on a small scale up in Greenland to 

 keep ice away from the piers there. 



Mr. Miller. Are there any further questions? If not, thank you 

 very much, Doctor, for coming here and waiting so patiently. 



The committee will adjourn until 10 o'clock Tuesday morning. 



(Wliereupon, at 12 noon, the subcommittee recessed, to reconvene at 

 10 a.m., Tuesday, May 24, 1960.) 



