136 OCEANOGRAPHY 



could have been made available to Congress and the public. Various 

 Government agencies have also in the past used the Executive priv- 

 ilege and the classihcation system to cover up for mistakes and things 

 of that sort. 



I would even point out on one occasion tlie treatise on bows and 

 arrows received a veiy high classified stamp. 



On another occasion drainage of poison gas from a dump in the 

 Eocky Mountain area received a classified tag from the Army after 

 it was put in the ground. 



The inference from that was the fact that water runs downhill 

 might be secret infonnation. 



I hope if this program is carried out that the Navy Hydrographic 

 Office would use every bit of good judgment possible to se« to it that 

 worthwliile information which is not properly classified is available 

 in tlie i)ro])er way. 



Admiral HxYyward. I can assure you from my point of view that 

 we will do as well as we can on the classification business. I only 

 wish now that all the Russian oceanographic data were unclassified 

 and I could get it. 



You see, there are two sides to it, Mr. Cliairman. If you have done 

 a lot of work, sometimes you can get the information and start from 

 where he left off, this helps you. 



It is well known to us, for instance, that the Russians put at least 

 a billion dolhirs in tlie equivalent of our money in doing nothing but 

 translating and getting every bit of technical information from every 

 technical publication that we have. This is a vast store of knowdedge 

 that saves them many man-hours and lots of work. I do not decry 

 that, of course, because it has to be gotten around, but there is that 

 side of it. 



From the Hydrographic Office point of view I feel we can resolve 

 the classification question. In these instances where the services have 

 misused it, unfortunately you cannot get around some things like 

 this because people are always involved, Mr. Chairman, and people 

 make mistakes. 



Mr. DiNGELL. I want it clear on the record I am not being critical 

 of you, your presentation, or the proposal. I am just hopeful that 

 some of the devices we have seen in the past will be avoided here, at 

 least an effort made. 



Thank you very much, Admiral. 



Further questions ? 



(No response.) 



Mr. DiNGELL. You have been veiy helpful and I thank you. Ad- 

 miral. 



Admiral Hayward. Thank you, sir. 



Mr. DiNGELL. The next witness is Dr. Alan T. "Waterman, Di- 

 rector, National Science Foundation. 



Do vou have anyone Avith you that you would like to have iden- 

 tified^' 



Dr. AVaterman. Dr. Robertson and Dr. Dees. Dr. Robertson is 

 head of the Division of Mathematics, Physical and Engineering 

 Sciences and Dr. Dees is head of the Division of Scientific Personnel 

 and Education. 



Mr. DiN(!ELL. You are certaiidy welcome this morning. I have 

 had tlie privilege of knowing Dr. AVaternian for some time and I have 

 noticed his appearance earlier in otliei- connnittees of Congress. 



