OCEANOGRAPHY 147 



areas. There you have to find the people to do the work the Govern- 

 ment needs. 



Mr. Bauer. Do you regard ocean surveys as basic research? 



Dr. "Wateioian. Fundamentally, they are. That is a very im- 

 portant aspect. They can be applied if one knows what he is looking 

 for from the survey. The Xa\-y"s interests from the standpoint of 

 a military agency I would call applied research. They have an end 

 in view. They are trying to find certain things that are useful to the 

 Navy. 



An oceanographer, who, shall I say, is a pure oceanographer, wants 

 to know what he can find — for example what the ocean bottom is like. 

 His job is to find out what is there. He is really an explorer. In that 

 sense, these surveys in oceanogi'aphy are basic. One can always being 

 m the other point of view, depending on the particular program one 

 has in mind. They are both involved in oceanography. 



Mr. Bauer. If you make a grant to an institution and give the 

 institution a sum of money to build a shi]). would that ship be 

 required to do nothing but basic research ? 



Dr. Waterman. From our standpoint, yes. As you know, we are 

 already engaged in plans for construction of one and anotlier one the 

 coming year. These ships would be for basic research. That would 

 be our object. 



Of coui'se, in this we are in close touch with the Xavy planning 

 because the vessels they have for oceanographic research would also 

 be doing basic research, but also the research of special interest to the 

 Xavy. That gives them a special slant, a special aspect, in what 

 they are going to do. 



Since that is not the whole aspect we, of course, take the general 

 side which would l)e basic. That would cover the physical sciences 

 and be quite impartial about the whole thing. 



Mr. Bauer. Supposing one of your gi^antees decides to use a ship 

 for applied research or development. AAliat would you do with the 

 ship? Would you take it back? 



Dr. "\yATER:MAx. I do not suppose that question Avould arise. It 

 could arise, of course, and would arise in the case of war or near 

 war where one could assign a vessel to do this. Certainly, we would 

 have no intention of refusing. 



I believe one would best say this about it. Our ships are intended 

 for basic research. When they get going then if they see sometliing 

 to do wliich has a practical side, that can still be basic, you understand, 

 in the sense you are trying to find out what the facts are. In that 

 case you are turning the research into a particular practical direction. 



This line is ver\' hard to draw. I do not really see any occasion 

 where a vessel turned over to an oceanogra]3hic institute, that one 

 would worry too much about it. I do not think we would because, 

 as I say, the line is very hard to draw. After all, we are providing 

 the vessel as a research tool and leaving the research, depending on 

 the terms of how the funds were provided, to the agency itself. We 

 would have done our duty in f)roviding the vessel for basic research 

 purposes. 



Mr. Bauer. That is all, Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. DiXGELL. Thank you very much. Mr. Drewry ? 



Mr. Drewry. I think not, Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. DixGELL. Mr. Pelly. 



