148 OCEANOGRAPHY 



Mr. Pelly. Dr. Waterman, I find it ratlier novel to listen to testi- 

 mony where money is not necessarily the solntion for all problems. 

 You say that in our need for additional research ^yorkers that more 

 money and fellowships will not solve it. That is very unusual here 

 in Wasliinoton to hear that. I thou<:^ht all we had to do was add a 

 million dollars here or there and solve all problems. 



Dr. Waterman. We tend to fall in that box because of shortness 

 of money. As a matter of fact, in all these things it is the people 

 who count. In order for the people to work, they need money and 

 equipment. 



Mr. Pelly. In the scientific field and the need for engineers, I 

 should not become quite convinced that a friend of mine was correct 

 when lie said that our problem there was to take the best students we 

 already had; that we had plenty of them in our higher educational 

 institutions; we did not need more enrollment. We encourage every- 

 body to try to become engineers, but we had enough if we could hold 

 them to go on with their higher education. There was the need for 

 additional and more liberal fellowships so that the brains, you might 

 say, would not be tempted away by private industry and could be held. 

 But a]iparently that is not true, in your opinion, in this field. 



Dr. Waterman. I do not want to give the impression of being too 

 dogmatic about it. I would say this. If one is interested in building 

 up oceanography as a subject in the Nation's interest, in the long run 

 what you have "to do is make the career in oceanography attractive. 

 That IS what appeals to Americans. They do not care how many 

 inducements you put in the way if they cannot see ahead of them a 

 good and promising career where they can do the things they want 

 to and be adequately provided with what it takes to raise their fam- 

 ilies, and so on. That is the thing one has to focus on. That has the 

 biggest appeal in this country of anything, a promising career. 



^Vliat do we do to stimulate that? First of all, provide support 

 to research and activities in oceanogi^aphy so there are plenty of jobs, 

 and these jobs ought to be good paying jobs where constructive work 

 is being done. There should be vessels where oceanographers can go, 

 there should be reports of what they find, they should be incorporated 

 in the Government agencies' capacity to lead into applied work so 

 that everybody in the industry can see what is being done. 



As for encouraging people going into graduate work or spex^ial- 

 izing, there are two techniques. One is by fellowships, or making 

 it possible for people to do it individually, and the other by supporting 

 research in these same institutions. 



Mr. Pelly. You say the fellowships available now and the finances 

 are adequate, really ? 



Dr. Waterman. They can be. You see, we have a broad fellowship 

 program, and oceanography is listed as one of the areas. If the 

 oceanographei-s feel it is very important to have graduate students 

 get fellowships, all they have to do is look around and persuade com- 

 petent undergi-aduates to apply for them. This has happened in fields 

 like mathematics. 



We find, for example, among both our applications and awards of 

 fellowships that mathematics is way ahead of the others in the propor- 

 tionate number that go in as compared to the number in the field. 

 This is just because the mathematicians all over the country have 

 realized it is important to get more people in the field, and they have 



